A Study on the Estimation of Postmortem Interval Based on Environmental Temperature and Concentrations of Substance in Vitreous Humor

A method to determine postmortem interval (PMI) based on environmental temperature and the concentrations of vitreous humor (VH) molecules were explored. Rabbit carcasses were placed in a chamber at 5, 15, 25, or 35°C, and 80–100 μL of VH was collected with the double‐eye alternating micro‐sampling method every 12 h. A Roche DPPI biochemical analyzer was used to measure the concentrations of six substances in VH samples. The interpolation function model and mixed‐effect model were employed for data fitting to establish equations for PMI estimation. The concentrations of K⁺, P, Mg²⁺, creatinine (CRE), and urea nitrogen (UN) exhibited an upward trend with increasing PMI in all temperature groups, while the concentration of Ca²⁺ showed a downward trend. Validation results using K⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions revealed that the mixed‐effect model provided a better estimation than the interpolation function model using the data from our experiment. However, both models were able to estimate PMI using temperature and VH molecule concentrations.     

知识产权的公权利和私权利属性

权利可以分为公权利和私权利。法律社会化的趋势在促使社会法这一法域出现的同时 ,还导致了公权利和私权利的渗透和融合及混合权利的产生。混合权利强调对个人利益、社会公共利益以及国家利益保护的平衡 ,其实质体现了国家公权力的干预。知识产权的运行本体和运行过程无不散发出这种新型的混合权利的特质。明确知识产权所具备的公权利和私权利的双重权利属性 ,对于知识产权法的定位和基本原则的确立具有重要意义。     

用人血清-唾液-初乳斑痕吸收免疫抗血清制备特异性抗人精液血清

本研究采用人血清-唾液-初乳混合液斑痕吸收抗人精液免疫血清,以消除抗血清的外器官特异性交叉反应。吸收后的抗人精液血清,仅和人精液及附睾和前列腺组织提取液发生反应,和人血清、唾液、初乳、阴道分泌液及尿液等5种人类体液分泌液及22种人体组织浸取液无交叉免疫反应;和8种动物精液也无交叉反应,具有良好的器官及种属特异性。获得的抗血清清亮透明,效价高。血清吸收方法简便易行,成本低,易于普及推广。     

混合人血清诱发豚鼠过敏性休克猝死模型的建立

目的建立多人混合血清致豚鼠过敏性休克死亡动物模型。方法将健康豚鼠18只随机分为致敏组与生理盐水对照组,将致敏组豚鼠右侧后爪掌皮内注射致敏原免疫3周后,诱发过敏性休克,对照组以生理盐水代替致敏原。结果致敏组豚鼠均出现过敏性休克的典型临床表现及体征,放射免疫法检测血清IgE水平显著增高。结论本实验成功地建立了过敏性休克的豚鼠实验动物模型,进一步证明了异体混合血清的高致敏性,为过敏性休克的临床及法医学诊断及治疗研究提供了一个良好的载体。     

试论游离常态的罪过形态:混合罪过

现实中 ,有些罪过存在形态并不完全与故意犯罪或过失犯罪所“应有”的犯罪故意或过失的主观心理态度相一致 ,有时这些罪过会游离于传统意义故意犯罪必有故意或过失犯罪必有犯罪过失这种罪过存在常态之上 ,而以混合罪过这种异态存在或呈现。国内研究混合罪过经历了探索、创新阶段。混合罪过有四层含义 ,三大类型 ,特殊混合罪过有其构造和特点 ,在本质上仍属于一个罪过 ,区分确定罪过的不同形态是十分必要的 ,有助于我们确定犯罪行为人责任的大小。     

论公有制为主体的混合经济体制

社会主义市场经济的混合经济体制是以公有制为主体,使国有企业成为国家生产力体系的先驱和主导,引领国民经济自主创新的发展方向,通过公有制经济力量调整经济结构和实现社会公平与效率的统一,形成适应生产社会化发展的国家生产力体系,促进全民共同富裕。     

免疫磁珠法与差异裂解法检验混合样本的效果观察

目的分析应用免疫磁珠分离技术和差异裂解法对混合样本的DNA检验效果,评价其在法医学应用中的价值。方法制备含有不同数量精细胞与阴道上皮细胞混合悬液和植绒混合斑拭子,分别采用MOSPD3抗体、SPAG8抗体免疫磁珠法及差异裂解法对样本进行检验,观察分析不同比例的混合细胞悬液,以及不同保存时间植绒混合斑拭子DNA分型的正确率。结果当混合细胞悬液内精细胞与阴道上皮细胞比例约1∶10时,免疫磁珠法的正确率明显高于差异裂解法(P0.01);当比例等于或高于1∶1时,两种方法正确率的差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。植绒拭子混合斑的免疫磁珠法正确率明显低于差异裂解法(P0.01);随混合斑保存时间的延长,差异裂解法正确率无明显下降(P0.05)。结论免疫磁珠法适用于新鲜混合样本中精细胞的分离检验,且在精细胞含量较低时优势更明显,差异裂解法较适合陈旧混合斑的分离检验。     

法医学混合斑研究进展

混合斑是性侵案件中常见生物检材,对其分析结果的解释是法医学检验中的难点之一。混合斑的种类较多,多个个体或多种体液、分泌液形成混合斑的提取、分离方法比较复杂。目前,法医学用于对混合斑量化评估主要应用杂合型均衡比和混合比例两个参数,而其分析受多种因素的影响。分析常用的遗传标记包括:常染色体和Y染色体STR,SNP,mt DNA,INDEls等。统计分析方法主要有似然率法(LR)以及随机男子不能被排除率法(RMNE)。混合斑分析软件的出现,有助于对检验结果的分析和判断。本文对相关文献进行综述,意在为混合斑的研究和鉴定提供参考和借鉴。     

Challenges in the Creation of Mixed-Use Affordable Housing: Measuring and Explaining Its Limited Prevalence

ABSTRACT

Mixed-use affordable housing buildings collocate residences and commercial uses. The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program provides one mechanism to fund such structures. But the literature offers little insight into the frequency of mixed-use LIHTC buildings, partly because of a lack of data identifying them, and it does not pinpoint conditions that facilitate their development. I explore these issues through a Chicago, Illinois, case study. First, I analyze imagery to create the first database of mixed-use LIHTC buildings. I show that only 5% of LIHTC structures incorporate commercial uses, and that these are concentrated in wealthier, whiter, and already retail-heavy neighborhoods. Second, I use stakeholder interviews to explain the low rate and selective location of mixed-use projects; I find that the stiffest barriers are conflicting governmental policies, difficulties securing financing in the context of a perception of weak retail demand and investor desires for reliable returns, and design constraints.     

A Review of: “Julia Sukys. Silence is Death: The Life and Work of Tahar Djaout.”

This article looks at Internet use by insurgent groups in the North Caucasus in the context of a regional diffusion of violence. Using a mixed methods research design that combines hyperlink network analysis and micro-discourse analysis, it examines the online characteristics of the Caucasus Emirate and the main frames conveyed by the websites affiliated with the Emirate. It demonstrates the existence of a network of cross-referencing websites that, collectively, articulate the Emirate's political agenda online and allow for the dissemination of frames across the Web. It also shows that while jihadism provides a cultural resource that fosters a global sense of community, the jihadization of discourse does not eradicate local references as the local dynamics of the conflict have a strong impact on online communicative strategies. Finally, although based on a specific case study, this article highlights the potential of a mixed methods research design as applied to an analysis of virtual insurgent networks.