Making sense of EU comprehensive security towards conceptual and analytical clarity

Abstract

European leaders frequently vaunt the European Union's distinctiveness in adopting and pursuing a comprehensive approach to security. The EU's profile as an international actor is designed to span across all dimensions of security. As a result, its security policy portfolio involves a large number of institutional actors and policies that need to be coordinated. The ambition of the EU to provide security in a comprehensive manner raises challenges at the politico–strategic level, at the level of operational and policy planning and in day-to-day implementation. So far, the field is lacking an inclusive analytical framework for the analysis of providing security through a distinctively comprehensive civil–military, economic and political organisation. This article seeks to close this gap by providing suggestions for how the wide range of issues related to comprehensive security could be structured, and by framing the matter theoretically and with reference to existing conceptual work and empirical research.     

Fit for what? Towards explaining Battlegroup inaction

Abstract

The thrust of this paper concerns the case of the European Battlegroup (BG) non-deployment in late 2008, when the United Nations requested European military support for the United Nations Organisation Mission peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The argument is built on the fact that when, in official documents, the EU approaches the European security and ESDP/CSDP's military crisis management policy and interventions, it makes strong references to the United Nations and the UN Charter Chapter VII's mandate of restoring international peace and security. Such references make it seem that supporting the UN when it deals with threats and crises is a primary concern of the EU and the member states. These allusions lead to the main contention of this paper, that there is much ambivalence in these indications. The paper develops its argument from one key hypothesis; namely, that the non-deployment of a European BG in the DRC, at the end of 2008, constitutes a useful case study for detecting a number of ambiguities of the EU in respect of its declarations in the official documents establishing the European military crisis management intervention structure.     

Understanding European asylum cooperation under the Schengen/Dublin system: a public goods framework

Abstract

Recent developments in European Union (EU) asylum cooperation raise important questions about the nature of cooperation and the potential problems facing collective action in the realm of EU internal security. The emergence and the subsequent stability of the Schengen/Dublin system is especially puzzling, given the highly inequitable distribution of costs and benefits that this system entails among the participating states and begs the question as to why those states that are likely to face a disproportionate ‘burden’ under the system would have agreed to it. This article seeks to provide an alternative approach to answering this question by drawing on a public goods framework. We argue that a simple focus on free-riding and exploitation dynamics, as emphasized in the traditional collective action literature, falls short as an explanation and instead demonstrates how more recent theoretical contributions to the public goods literature can offer new insights into the origin and evolution in cooperation in this sensitive policy area.     

The terrorism of the other: towards a contrapuntal reading of terrorism in India

This article advances an argument for a contrapuntal reading of terrorism using the case study of India. In recent years, the work of Edward Said has received some attention in the field of international relations. As yet, however, most readings of terrorism, either in its traditional form of terrorism studies or in the guise of critical terrorism studies, have not addressed the interface between terrorism and security, drawing on the work of Said. We take his work as a point of departure, enabling the analysis in this article to critique the ‘clash of civilisations’ thesis whilst also exploring the relationship between mass casualty terrorism and crowded places. In doing so, we draw attention to the instantiation of a series of attacks in India. The final section of this article pulls the analysis together so as to question the relationship between poverty and resilience.     

‘No one speaks for us’: security policy,suspected communities and the problem of voice

This article examines some of the detrimental consequences of post-9/11 counterterrorism and security policies on Muslim minority groups in the United Kingdom. Drawing on empirical data from a qualitative study conducted in the north-west of England involving young British Pakistanis, it is argued that both political discourses and specific security policies have unjustly targeted Muslims and fuelled a wider public climate of suspicion and hostility. Three focal issues raised by participants in the study are prioritised. First, we discuss the process of collective attribution through which Muslims are generically treated as a suspect community. Second, a series of experiential ‘safety gaps’ – resulting in part from the pre-emptive turn in counterterrorism regulation – are considered. Third, critical ‘speech gaps’, which have important ramifications for future policy-making, are elucidated.     

公安机关刑事执法规范化建设研究

近年来,刑事执法规范化建设虽已取得一定成效,但仍存在实践不足等问题。要进一步加强刑事执法规范化建设,就必须在基本理论研究的基础上,对制约刑事执法规范化建设的现实因素进行剖析。同时,要充分认识到加强刑事执法规范化建设,是新时期公安机关刑事侦查工作的生命线,是刑事侦查部门提高自身履职能力的必然要求。只有真正创新执法理念,提升专业办案水平,严格责任监督程序,强化执法能力培训,才能不断提高刑事执法精细化水平,实现刑事执法规范化。     

警察侦破人体器官犯罪之困境及对策研究

近年来,人体器官犯罪在我国日显猖獗。《刑法修正案（八）》颁布之前,对此类行为仅以非法经营罪尴尬规制。对此,我国《刑法修正案（八）》新增罪名组织出卖人体器官罪。然而,该罪名虽已出台近乎一年,全国各地在司法实践中启用此罪名的判例却寥寥无几。这在某种程度上说明在立法和司法均已完备的基础上,公安机关对此类犯罪行为的行政执法发面存在一定不足,使该类行为不能被绳之以法。本文欲分析目前我国人体器官移植现状、人体器官犯罪情况、总结其作案特征,概括公安机关在侦破人体器官犯罪时面临的问题,从而提出有效的解决对策,以提高对此类犯罪行为的打击力度。     

立体化社会治安防控体系运作模式探究

以县级为单元完善立体化社会治安防控体系建设是一项综合性的社会公共安全管理系统工程,这一体系运作模式的架构,应集打击、防范、管理、控制等治安管理诸层面,其体系运作既要作为政府工程和民生工程,又要有社会化的整体配套机制。重点要突出系统化整合、智能化升级、实战化应用、社会化建设,全面构建以“服务管理人本化、警务运作集约化、警务执法规范化、警务手段科技化、警务工作社会化、警队管理科学化”为主的治安防控体系运作模式。