The Shield of Heracles: Multiple streams and the emotional endowment effect

What factors explain the persistence of emotion in public policy? Applying the multiple streams framework, it is hypothesised in this article that the more intense the fear and the longer it persists under high salience, task unfamiliarity and complexity, and inconsistent preferences, the less likely it is for policy to change. The study examines the Greek attempt to block international recognition of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1990–1993) and finds the power to build coalitions through emotional arousal that in the short run helps reframe losses and paradoxically undermines political support in the long run. Illuminating the emotional endowment effect within the logic of appropriateness, the article concludes that policy is made under certain conditions on the basis of validating emotions.     

隐私权制度中的权利冲突

现代社会,隐私权日益成为一项重要的人格权。基于隐私权概念的不确定性和法律的局限性,隐私权与其他权利的冲突不可避免。解决的方式有立法和司法两种。其中司法中的利益衡量方法发挥着重要作用。从类型化研究来看,隐私权与表达自由的冲突主要通过司法途径解决,而隐私权与知情权的冲突则主要通过立法途径解决。     

情谊行为、法外空间与民法对现实生活的介入

民法学视野中的情谊行为包括纯粹的情谊行为和转化形态的情谊行为。纯粹的情谊行为不属于民事法律行为,而是处于"法外空间"的纯粹生活事实,法律不应当过度介入这一社会生活层面的关系,否则将使得社会生活规则被破坏殆尽。情谊行为在一定条件下可能转化为受民法调整的民事法律事实,进入"法内空间"。广义情谊行为中的情谊合同、情谊无因管理、情谊侵权行为是纯粹的情谊行为的转化形态,也都已属于民事法律事实,进入民法的调整领域。爱需要法律,法律在规制爱的过程中需要与其他社会规范相协调,以妥当界定"法外空间"与"法内空间"。民法面对情谊行为应该保持谦抑的态度,民法通过相应的技术调整手段实现对情谊行为施惠者的宽容、鼓励和必要的引导。     

高校扩建后多元体育课程教学模式的构建

充分利用高校新校区的体育场馆和场地的资源,在多元体育教学思想和教学目标的指导下,结合学校的实际情况,把体育课程从课内向课外延伸、校内向校外拓展,形成课内外一体化、校内外相结合的多元体育课程教学模式。以便更好地培养学生对体育的兴趣与终身体育的意识和习惯,使其成为具备运动参与、运动技能、身体健康、心理健康和社会适应的高素质人才。     

论李明博政府的实用主义外交

李明博政府上台后推行实用主义外交政策,主要包括以服务于"先进化国家"为宗旨,强化韩美同盟关系、开启对日关系"新思维"、调整对朝政策、奉行有限度的"平衡"外交、积极开展对华经贸关系、对俄能源外交以及全球外交等.实用主义外交是基于国际和国内、历史与现实、社会与个人等多种因素考虑的结果.实用主义外交面临着美韩同盟利益与韩国民族利益的冲突、韩日之间的结构性矛盾、对朝政策的有效性以及李明博政绩认可度等挑战,其效果还有待于进一步观察.     

高校校园多发性案件的成因和对策

盗窃、诈骗和伤害案件是高校校园内发案率最高的三类案件,它们具有三大特点:发案的连续性、发案时间和地点上的固定性以及案件产生不良后果的破坏性。这些案件之所以频繁在校园内发生,主要是由于学生的防范意识比较差、容易受到欺骗和蒙蔽、学校与社会的界限日益模糊、高校防范案件发生的措施尚不完善等。针对这些案件的发生规律和成因,高校可以采取大力宣传安全知识、加大对保卫部门的投入、增设岗亭和巡逻队、实行进出宿舍楼登记制度以及鼓励群防群治等措施来防范和处理。     

Differences between Homicides Committed by Lone and Multiple Offenders in Korea

The aim of this study was to differentiate between homicides committed by multiple offenders and homicides committed by lone offenders. Using data on homicide incidents that occurred in South Korea between 1985 and 2008, we compared 134 homicides committed by multiple offenders, with 369 homicides committed by lone offenders. A greater proportion of homicides committed by multiple offenders involved injuries to the victim's head compared to homicides by lone offenders. Homicides committed by multiple offenders were more likely to involve blunt instruments and ligatures, whereas homicides by lone offenders were more likely to involve sharp instruments. In addition, a majority of the homicides committed by multiple offenders were planned. The results of this study have practical implications for homicide investigations, as well as theoretical implications for homicide research on the difference in offense behaviors based on the number of offenders.     

Mass murders in Germany – classification of surviving offenders based on the examination of court files

Personality, psychopathology, and motives of 44 surviving offenders committing mass murder in Germany over 25 years (1984–2009) were analyzed using court files and psychiatric expertises. Initially, 123 mass murders in Germany were detected in the time period 1980–2010 (inclusive deceased offenders). Using a data entry form based on ViCLAS (Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System), we categorized the 44 surviving mass murderers into three prototypes using the ‘TwoStep Cluster’-method (separation of the offenders in different groups depending on their similarity of specific items): 1. Narcissistic or aggressive men suffering from addiction or affective disorder, committing mass murder out of rage/hate when being intoxicated by alcohol, 2. Psychotic offenders with schizophrenia and comorbid substance abuse. 3. Aggressive, narcissistic or anxious adolescents, half of them suffering from affective disorder or ADHD, committing mass murder out of rage/hate. Not included are such events where the offenders died and therefore no court files or psychiatric expertises were available. Classification and subtyping of the offenders’ personalities and psychopathological conditions might help to improve the chances for an early detection of persons at risk.     

Repeat Coronary Artery Dissection in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Non‐atherosclerotic spontaneous coronary artery dissection (NA‐SCAD) is a rare cause of morbidity and mortality with a propensity for young, healthy, and often peripartum women. NA‐SCAD etiology is poorly understood, with possible hormonal and hereditary mechanisms. Current treatment strategies range from conservative management (often showing resolution on angiographic follow‐up) to invasive angiographic procedures. Rarely, NA‐SCAD has recurred in another coronary artery, ranging hours to years later. We report NA‐SCAD of the right coronary artery (RCA) in a 30‐year old, 3‐month postpartum female with an additional autopsy finding of remote myocardial infarction (MI) in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery territory. The remote MI is consistent with prior NA‐SCAD of the LAD and, given the medical history, may have occurred in the peripartum period of the decedent first pregnancy 3 years earlier. As such, to the best of our knowledge, this may represent the first reported case of NA‐SCAD recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy.