Globalization and citizenship: an Australian dilemma

Democratic citizenship, as it exists in countries like Australia, is premised on a nation-state that has sovereignty over a specific territory demarcated by internationally agreed boundaries. According to this model, citizens are supposed to control the state through democratic processes, and the state is supposed to control what happens on its territory and to decide who or what may cross its boundaries. But today globalization is eroding the capacity of the nation-state to control cross-border flows of finance, commodities, people, ideas and pollution. Powerful pressures are reducing state autonomy with regard to economic affairs, welfare rights and national culture. This leads to important questions: Does the quality of democratic citizenship remain unchanged? Are citizens still the source of political legitimacy? Do we need to rethink the meaning and mechanisms of citizenship to find new ways of maintaining popular sovereignty? How can citizens influence decisions made by global markets, transnational corporations and international organizations? These are problems that all democratic polities face, and Australia is no exception. Political and legal institutions derived from the Anglo-American democratic heritage have worked well for a century and more, but they may need to change significantly if they are to master the new realities. The central question in Castles's article is thus: What can we do to maintain and enhance democratic citizenship for Australians in the context of a globalizing world? To answer this question, he examines some of the inherent contradictions of nation-state citizenship, discusses the meaning of globalization and how it affects citizenship and looks at the effects of globalization and regional integration on Australia. He concludes that it is important to improve the quality of Australian citizenship by various measures: recognizing the special position of indigenous Australians and action to combat racism; combatting social exclusion; reforming the constitution to inscribe rights of active citizenship in a bill of rights; and reasserting the model of multicultural citizenship.     

Death of a 6-year-old boy with mental retardation: accident versus child abuse

This case study involved death of a 6-year-old child with a history of mental retardation secondary to meningitis at 11 months, spastic quadriplegia, seizure disorder, and hydrocephaly with a remote ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and gastric tube feedings. Reportedly, the child was co-sleeping with his mother when she awoke and discovered him lying prone and not breathing on the carpeted floor next to the bed. He was transported to the hospital and died in the emergency room of unknown causes. The medical examiner assumed jurisdiction of the body. The external examination revealed petechial hemorrhages on the neck and face, with patterned linear pressure abrasions on the chest, arms, and face. X-rays revealed leg fractures of different ages. This case emphasizes the importance of coordination of death scene investigation, medical history review, and autopsy results through a forensic team approach to determine the accurate cause and manner of death.     

我国林权纠纷解决机制及其完善

解决林权纠纷是新时期集体林权制度改革的必要前提和重要保障。我国在法理和实践层面都存在着林权纠纷的多元化解决机制,包括民间性、行政性和司法性纠纷解决机制。但这些机制在观念认知、制度安排和方式方法上都还存在诸多问题,当前迫切需要加强多元化、法治化和专业化建设。     

尸温相关因素推断死亡时间的研究

目的 统计分析影响尸体温度下降多因素和死亡时间的相关性,探索尸温推断死亡时间的创新应用.方法 建立影响尸体温度(直肠温度)下降相关因素的采集标准,收集实践工作中的157例明确死亡时间真实案例的相关数据,根据实际工作经验结合统计学的基本要求对各因素进行量化评分,利用EXCEL和SPSS软件对数据进行处理,采用多元线性回归的方法统计分析各影响系数同死亡时间的相关性.结果 获得了具有统计学意义的回归方程,Y=25.993+0.04X1+0.172X2+0.88X3+0.047X4+0.373X5+0.347X6-0.766X7,决定系数R2=0.876.结论 该方法为尸温推断死亡时间的创新应用,经测试可用于实际工作.     

日本股东代表诉讼制度的缺漏及其修改动向

日本立法者为了满足企业实施以母子公司关系为组织结构的企业集团化经营的需求,降低企业重组过程中的交易成本,加强对企业集团经营的监督,对《反垄断法》、《公司法》(商法)及会计、税务制度进行了一系列的修改与调整。这些法律制度的调整,使经过六十多年的演变已日趋成熟与完善的日本现行股东代表诉讼制度又暴露出了新问题。为弥补该制度缺漏,强化企业集团治理,日本立法者试图引入多重代表诉讼制度。通过观察及研究日本股东代表诉讼制度的制度安排及其调整可以引起我们在进行制度设计与选择时对制度的系统性、协调性及其制度间相互影响的重视。     

多元文化视野的少数民族干部教育创新

和谐社会建设和民族地区社会发展对提高少数民族干部素质提出新要求，创新少数民族干部教育模式和培训策略成为重要的课题。     

Financial Liberalization and Stock Price Behaviour in Asian Emerging Markets

This paper exhibits tests of the random walk hypothesis and market efficiency for seven Asian emerging markets as a result of the influence of financial market integration. Random walk properties of equity prices influence the return dynamic and determine the trade strategies of investors. To examine the stochastic properties of local index returns and to test the hypothesis that stock market prices follow a random walk, the single variance ratio tests of Lo and MacKinlay, as well as the multiple variance ratio test of Chow and Denning are employed. The multiple statistical comparison of variance ratios is based on the Studentized Maximum Modulus distribution with control of the joint-test’s size. The weak-form market efficiency is also tested directly, using a nonparametric runs test. These tests are particularly useful for investigating stock prices the returns of which are frequently not distributed normally. Documented evidence shows that, from the perspective of local investors, weekly stock prices in major Asian emerging markets do not follow a random walk in the pre-liberalization period. However, in the post-liberalization period the weak-form efficiency hypothesis is generally adopted at the 5% level except for the smaller stock markets of Indonesia and Thailand. These empirical findings suggest that financial integration affects the return predictability in such a way that domestic investors might not be able to develop trading strategies allowing them to earn abnormal returns.     

公安院校“两课”教学中运用CAI现代教育技术手段的思考

在当前公安院校的“两课”教学改革中,运用现代教育技术手段对教学形式进行大胆创新,是深化“两课”教育教学改革的一个重要途径。对此,公安院校“两课”教师应充分认识运用多媒体辅助教学的优越性;在CAI课件的设计与制作中,找准多媒体技术辅助教学手段与公安院校“两课”教学目标的结合点;在CAI教学主体——教学工具——教学客体的有机互动中,增强公安院校“两课”教学的生动性和实效性。     

根据中国汉族女性甲状软骨推算年龄的研究

目的 根据中国汉族女性甲状软骨推算年龄。方法 对69例已知年龄的中国汉族女性甲状软骨进行软X线摄片和(或)普通X线摄片,从甲状软骨的摄片上选择5个与年龄变化关系较为密切的观察部位,每个部位又划分成3至6个等级,然后采用多元线性回归分析法,建立其推算年龄的数学模型。结果运用该方法推算女性甲状软骨年龄,其标准差为1.969,复相关系数为0.984。结论 本方法适用于中国汉族女性甲状软骨年龄推算,其有效年龄范围为18～60岁。