Straightening the three streams: Theorising extensions of the multiple streams framework

This article suggests theoretical refinements to the multiple streams framework (MSF) that make it applicable to parliamentary systems and the decision‐making stage of the policy process. Regarding the former, the important role of political parties in parliamentary democracies is highlighted. Party policy experts are expected to be members of the policy communities in the policy stream and to promote viable policy alternatives in their respective parties, while the party leadership is concerned with adopting policies in the political stream. With regard to the latter, the introduction of a second coupling process to analyse decision making more rigorously is suggested. Moreover, the article provides operational definitions of the framework's key concepts when applied to parliamentary systems and derives a systematic set of falsifiable hypotheses for agenda‐setting and decision making in these systems, thus addressing one of the main critiques against the MSF – namely that no hypotheses can be derived from it.     

Streams and stages: Reconciling Kingdon and policy process theory

Use of metaphors is a staple feature of how we understand policy processes – none more so than the use of ‘policy stages’/'cycles’ and ‘multiple streams’. Yet even allowing for the necessary parsimony of metaphors, the former is often criticised for its lack of ‘real world’ engagement with agency, power, ideology, turbulence and complexity, while the latter focuses only on agenda‐setting but at times has been utilised, with limited results, to understand later stages of the policy process. This article seeks to explore and advance the opportunities for combining both and applying them to the policy‐formation and decision‐making stages of policy making. In doing so it examines possible three, four and five stream models. It argues that a five stream confluence model provides the highest analytical value because it retains the simplicity of metaphors (combining elements of two of the most prominent models in policy studies) while also helping capture some of the more complex and subtle aspects of policy processes, including policy styles and nested systems of governance.     

新公共服务与新公共管理：相克还是相生

借鉴多元行政观的思想,中国现阶段的政府管理模式应该是以官僚制为主体,新公共服务和新公共管理为辅助的多元化治理模式。     

Spaces of exception: governing fuel poverty in England’s multiple occupancy housing sector

Homes in multiple occupancy (HMOs) – residential properties containing common areas shared by several households – are a growing feature of the housing landscape across the UK. They have often been subject to political stigmatization as a result, in part, of comprising poor quality dwellings. This paper uses a “spaces of exception” framework to explore the juridical and material mechanisms involved in the rise of fuel poverty among people living in HMOs. Having analysed evidence from interviews, census data and the secondary literature pertaining to the English context, we highlight the processes that have led to the biopolitical othering of this housing stock in institutional and infrastructural terms. We argue that the expansion and persistence of fuel poverty in HMOs are promoted not only by the disproportionate concentration of low-income residents in relation to the rest of the private rented sector, but also by the socio-technical configurations that underpin this type of housing. Fuel poverty can thus be seen as the joint outcome of broader practices of legal, political and material delegitimization.     

混合斑中精子细胞分离及其DNA制备方法

目的尝试建立一种检测混合斑中精子细胞的方法。方法使用显微操作法捕获精子细胞,全基因组扩增(多重置换扩增)精子细胞DNA。结果对10管精斑检材的全基因组扩增,获得了高产、保真的产物。使用50μL体系对20个精子细胞直接进行全基因组扩增,省去了对起始模板的纯化过程,DNA扩增倍数达30000倍以上,片段长度大多在15 kb以上,其STRs复合扩增分型结果有可参照性。结论显微操作法可以有效捕获精子细胞,排除干扰,多重置换扩增可以提供足够量的产物用于法医DNA分析,该方法具有可行性。     

多元治理视野下的多规合一——以浙江省试点县（市）为例

文章运用一元为主、多元辅补的多元治理理论分析方法,对浙江省试点县（市）“多规合一”的协调机制、编制主体、审批机制和空间管控进行了系统分析,总结提炼出“多规合一”四方面的成效,为今后其他地区“多规合一”编制工作提供经验借鉴。研究发现：一是试点地区“多规合一”的成效明显;二是本文将多中心治理理论中国化为“一元为主、多元辅补”的多元治理的理论,并用以分析“多规合一”的现状、成果、缺憾及完善路径是有效的。因此,文章研究结论为现行“多规合一”还需要从政策法律体系、编制机构和公众参与等方面完善。     

雷公藤红素对多发性骨髓瘤细胞株LP-1凋亡的诱导作用

目的 研究雷公藤红素对多发性骨髓瘤细胞LP 1凋亡的诱导作用及可能机制。方法 通过雷公藤红素体外作用于多发性骨髓瘤LP-1细胞，研究其对于细胞增殖及细胞凋亡的影响。采用EnoGeneCellTM细胞计数试剂盒 8(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)研究雷公藤红素对LP-1多发性骨髓瘤细胞体外增殖的影响，采用膜联蛋白Ⅴ（Annexin Ⅴ）-增强型绿色荧光蛋白（enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP）荧光染色法定性检测及流式细胞术定量检测雷公藤红素对LP-1多发性骨髓瘤细胞株凋亡的诱导作用，采用级联酶底物显色法检测雷公藤红素对LP-1多发性骨髓瘤细胞Caspase-3酶原活化状态的影响。结果 雷公藤红素能明显抑制LP-1多发性骨髓瘤细胞体外增殖，其半数抑制浓度（half inhibitory concentration, IC50）为0.881 7 μmol/L。雷公藤红素可诱导LP-1细胞发生细胞凋亡，此效应具有剂量依赖性，雷公藤红素60.0 μmol/L作用于LP-1细胞24 h可诱导细胞凋亡百分率达到80.7%。雷公藤红素可引起LP 1细胞Caspase 3酶原活化。结论 雷公藤红素可抑制多发性骨髓瘤细胞株增殖，诱导其凋亡，此作用可能通过Caspase 3酶原活化途径而实现。     

文化生态安全:国家文化安全现代性的新认知系统

生态问题是当今人类社会面临的最具普遍性的存在性问题和可持续发展问题。人类社会发展的一切问题都与生态问题有关,文化也不例外。当全球进入"后真相、后西方、后秩序"时代的时候,国家文化安全现代性构成了关于国家文化安全认知系统的新生态特征。文化生态安全是这一现代性的表征。文化生态构成的多重二元结构是文化生态安全构成的结构方式。内部性与外部性文化关系冲突是引发文化生态危机和国家文化安全危机的原因。塑造良好的外部文化环境和内部文化环境是维护和实现国家文化安全的重要文化生态保障。文化多样性是文化生态的存在形态与结构样式,是文化生态平衡的重要保障机制,文化多样性安全是文化生态安全实现的前提。中国要实现和维护国家文化安全,必须在保护文化遗产和文化资源安全的同时,实现从单一时空领域里的文化安全走向系统整体范畴的文化安全,在生态文明系统整体安全观的基础上,建构国家文化安全现代性的新认知系统。