Body Image Concerns in Young Girls: The Role of Peers and Media Prior to Adolescence

Peer and media influences have been identified as important conveyors of socio-cultural ideals in adolescent and preadolescent samples. This study aims to explore peer and media influences in the body image concerns and dieting awareness of younger girls, aged 5–8 years. A sample of 128 girls was recruited from the first 4 years of formal schooling. Individual interviews were conducted to assess the aspects of body image, as well as dieting awareness by means of a brief scenario. A number of sources of peer and media influence were examined. It was found that by 6 years of age, a large number of girls desired a thinner ideal figure. Both peer and media influences emerged as significant predictors of body image and dieting awareness. Specifically, girls’ perceptions of their peers’ body dissatisfaction predicted their own level of body dissatisfaction and dieting awareness. Watching music television shows and reading appearance-focused magazines predicted dieting awareness. In particular, girls who looked at magazines aimed at adult women had greater dissatisfaction with their appearance. Thus, the present study highlights that girls aged 5–8 years of age are already living in an appearance culture in which both peers and the media influence body image and dieting awareness.Hayley Dohnt, B. Psych. (Hons.), is completing her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology at Flinders University. Her major research interests are in the area of child psychology and the development of body image.Marika Tiggemann’s Professor of Psychology at Flinders University. Her major research interest is in media influences on body image. She is Associate Editor for the journal Body Image.     

洛川县灯棚会及相关的民间信仰

随着中国改革开放进程的加快,民间传统文化得以复兴且不断发展。洛川县灯棚会与民间信仰的结合是地方乡土民俗的一种特殊形式。灯棚会中相关信仰活动、灯会组织原则及村落互动现象,都是分析民间仪式活动复兴的原因及其产生影响的依据。     

村委会直选与农村青年工作发展的互动分析

村民自治是我国基层政治民主建设的重中之重,而村民直选是村民自治的一项主要内容。通过实地调查,探讨村民直选与青年成长和团工作的相互影响,将为改进和加强直选工作和团工作提供帮助。     

经济全球化与国家主权

经济全球化是21世纪世界经济发展的大趋势。经济全球化的不断发展,对现代主权国家在国际体系中的地位作用、对国家主权的范围等产生了强烈的冲击和影响。“历史终结论”、“民族国家终结论”、“主权终结论”、“超国家主义”等观点是站不住脚的。主权观念没有过时。面对经济全球化给国家主权带来的挑战,包括中国在内的广大发展中国家,应积极寻求维护国家主权的基本对策。     

“亲亲相隐”与证人拒绝作证制度

由于证人与被证明人之间的某种特定关系,如夫妻关系、律师与当事人的关系、医生与病人的关系等’等,使其作证不仅损害天伦或职业道德,而且其证言可靠性也大打折扣。对此,中国古代便形成了一套完整的以“亲亲相隐”为核心的亲属之间的举证制度。欧美一些国家在证据制度中也确立了证人拒绝作证制度。证人拒绝作证制度作为一项重要的证据法律制度,对于有效地保护公民人权,捍卫传统的伦理道德无疑有着积极的意义和不可低估的作用。     

Regulation in Comparative Perspective

Structural changes in the world economy pose challenging new problems for comparative policy analysis. One such problem is the harmonization of domestic policies and institutions, which the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations has identified as a key principle of international economic relations. Harmonization may mean the creation of a single policy space out of a number of distinct jurisdictions. It can also mean the adoption of common policy goals or general principles that national governments can pursue by different strategies. Comparative analysis can help in choosing the type of harmonization most appropriate in a given context. This article analyzes the development of harmonization strategies in the European Community/European Union. The European experience shows that far-reaching economic integration can be achieved without suppressing cultural diversity and legitimate differences in national preferences.     

公共关系视角下的企业生态化管理初探

以生态学的观点为元理论，将公共关系进行本质回归，探讨公共关系视角下企业与社会环境的互动匹配，生态位的内涵、价值和选择，以及生态智慧哲学，认为公共关系管理应该上升到生态化管理的高度，即企业运用传播沟通的手段促使其与社会环境的适应状态最优化，以形象生态位为基石，构建和维护基于生态智慧的和谐关系生态。     

两岸军事互信机制：理论建构与实现路径

国民党在岛内重新执政后，两岸关系和平发展的局面正在不断形成，随着两岸互信的不断积累和共识的不断增加，两岸之间建立军事互信机制的可能性也在增长。对于海峡两岸来说，两岸军事互信机制的建立不仅可以增加双方的政治互信，而且有利于长久维护台海地区的和平与稳定。     

《物权法》对依法行政的影响及推进

《物权法》不仅是保护人民群众财产权利的民事法律，也是规范行政机关行使公权力的一部重要法律。建设法治政府，提高依法行政水平，必须从保障权利、维护秩序、促进竞争的角度增强物权意识，提高保护物权的能力。《物权法》的实施对政府行政行为产生诸多影响，基于这些影响，本文认为，《物权法》的颁布与施行，既是实现“以人为本”重要思想的需要，也是深入推进依法行政的重要法律依据。     

Legal influences on local education powers in the Netherlands: A European and international dimension?

One of the most striking recent developments in education in the Netherlands is the shift of powers from the central national level to the local level for several education policy fields, most notably for the policies aimed at reducing social and education disadvantages and those aimed at the integration of non-nationals into Dutch society. In this article, the influences from European and international law on this Dutch development are being discussed. The conclusion is that there must be a European influence on the contents of national policy matters as such in a general manner, but that the legislation influence stays behind in development.