法治与德治：相辅相成的治国方略

江泽民同志把依法治国与以德治国紧密结合起来的治国方略 ,是对我国社会主义建设实践反思、总结后作出的明智选择。依法治国以以德治国为基础和补充 ,以德治国以依法治国为保障。两者相辅相成 ,相互促进 ,是建设有中国特色的社会主义的迫切需要     

STRICTLY LIABLE: GOVERNMENTAL USE OF THE PARENT–CHILD RELATIONSHIP AS A BASIS FOR HOLDING VICTIMS LIABLE FOR THEIR CHILD'S WITNESS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Studies estimate that between three and ten million children in the United States witness domestic violence annually. Although studies have demonstrated a co‐occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, there is no concrete evidence to support the assumption that a child's exposure to domestic violence increases the risk to the child of abuse or neglect. Recently the New York State Court of Appeals determined that a child's witness to abuse does not suffice, in and of itself, to show that removal of the child is necessary or that removal is in the “best interests” of the child. Programs which have developed alternatives to presumptive removal understand the importance of viewing the interests of the battered parent and children as being in accord with each other rather than in opposition. Private and government sponsored programs have demonstrated some success in protecting the parent‐child relationship, ensuring the safety of both parent and child, and increasing accountability of batterers while reducing the necessity for removals. Alternative programs are less costly to the state than foster care, and emotionally less costly to the families.     

用新安全观的视角看加强国际警务合作的必要

冷战后,中国提出以“互信、互利、平等、协作”为核心的新安全观,努力营造长期稳定、安全可靠的国际安全环境。新安全观需要新思维。在以合作求安全、以协商求安全,建立新的安全机制维护安全和坚持反霸反恐并重的思维。新安全观强调重视非传统安全威胁的因素,而国际警务合作是对付恐怖主义和跨国犯罪的有力武器之一,因此,应该用新安全观的视角来看加强国际警务合作的必要。     

“第三条道路“思潮对我国青年的影响及对策

从正面看,"第三条道路"思潮有利于青年了解国外动态,培养民主务实的思想;但其负面影响却是迷惑青年模糊意识形态的区别,蛊惑青年放弃对社会主义的追求,助长青年狭隘个人主义、享乐主义的滋生.应该以马克思主义理论为指导,鼓励青年把理论和实践结合起来,引导青年认清"第三条道路"思潮的本质.     

政党政治视角下的俄罗斯联邦共产党

俄共建立20年来,其发展受到俄罗斯政党政治演变的制约和重大影响。与此同时,俄共在俄罗斯政党政治的发展过程中扮演了极其重要的角色,尤其是1993年恢复重建以来,俄共的存在促进了俄罗斯政党政治的规范和完善,对俄罗斯政党政治的发展起着特殊的作用。但是俄共在参加政党政治的问题上仍然存在诸多的难题。俄共的发展应当引起整个俄罗斯社会的关注,而俄共自身更应痛定思痛,通过改革重新走向复兴之路。     

欲拒还迎：政治与法律关系的社会系统论分析

由于政治体制改革相对干经济体制改革的滞后性,政治在要求法律对私法关系进行整合的同时,却面临法律对具有政治意义的公法关系普遍化实施的合法性要求。政治系统一方面想利用法律来为自身赋予合法性以及对政治自身解决不了的社会冲突进行整合,另一方面又不愿意让法律独立运作以正常发挥功能。政治之所以对于法律有这种欲拒还迎的分裂与两难态度,原因在于法律系统的结构二重性：使动性与制约性。对于政治系统来说,法律结构扩展了权力的普遍有效性,而权力如要实现这一点又必须受法律结构的制约。为避免法律对政治权力的“合法／非法”二元规则化,政治系统设定政治禁忌,要求法律不得违反,但法律系统的二元规则化对于政治系统来说是难以任意伸缩的。     

自我防卫与相互斗殴的刑事司法判定研究——以个案为线索的分析

如何准确认定防卫案件是长久以来司法实践中的一个疑难问题,1997年《刑法》虽对正当防卫制度作出较大修订,但并未根本改变正当防卫制度在司法实践中的适用困境,其原因在于修订着重解决了防卫行为是否过当的问题,但司法实践中的困境在于如何区分自我防卫与相互斗殴。当前司法实践中较为普遍的"起因是否有责"、"防卫是否不得已"的区分标准,虽具有极强的操作性,却过于简单与绝对,未能深入探求案情,甚至与立法精神有一定背离,使得自我防卫案件往往以相互斗殴结案,而这也与犯罪控制的诉讼模式、司法技术限制、文化上的复仇动机等因素有密切关联。     

从排队秩序到宪法秩序——麦考密克的制度法律理论核心命题

使得规范成为规范的并不是规范本身,而是在规范之外的共同信念。这种信念是包括宪法秩序在内的所有秩序得以成立的基础。这就是英国学者麦考密克在他的《法律的制度》一书中阐释的内容,他用排队这个通俗易懂、每个人都有的实际经验阐明了不依赖于明确表述的规范的社会实践和社会秩序的存在,并分离出了不同于规范的事务,即实践者之间相互的行为期待。而正是这种信念才是秩序的最终来源,而正式规则和权威等概念同样建立在这种秩序之上。     

Experimental results on data analysis algorithms for extracting and interpreting edge feature data for duct tape and textile physical fit examinations

A physical fit is an important observation that can result from the forensic analysis of trace evidence as it conveys a high degree of association between two items. However, physical fit examinations can be time-consuming, and potential bias from analysts may affect judgment. To overcome these shortcomings, a data analysis algorithm using mutual information and a decision tree has been developed to support practitioners in interpreting the evidence. We created these tools using data obtained from physical fit examinations of duct tape and textiles analyzed in previous studies, along with the reasoning behind the analysts' decisions. The relative feature importance is described by material type, enhancing the knowledge base in this field. Compared with the human analysis, the algorithms provided accuracies above 90%, with an improved rate of true positives for most duct tape subsets. Conversely, false positives were observed in high-quality scissor cut (HQ-HT-S) duct tape and textiles. As such, it is advised to use these algorithms in tandem with human analysis. Furthermore, the study evaluated the accuracy of physical fits when only partial sample lengths are available. The results of this investigation indicated that acceptable accuracies for correctly identifying true fits and non-fits occurred when at least 35% of a sample length was present. However, lower accuracies were observed for samples prone to stretching or distortion. Therefore, the models described here can provide a valuable supplementary tool but should not be the sole means of evaluating samples.