Maintaining disorder: the micropolitics of drugs policy in Iran

Abstract

This article analyses the ways in which the state ‘treats’ addiction among precarious drug (ab)users in Iran. While most Muslim-majority as well as some Western states have been reluctant to adopt harm reduction measures, the Islamic Republic of Iran has done so on a nationwide scale and through a sophisticated system of welfare intervention. Additionally, it has introduced devices of management of ‘addiction’ (the ‘camps’) that defy statist modes of punishment and private violence. What legal and ethical framework has this new situation engendered? And what does this new situation tell us about the governmentality of the state? Through a combination of historical analysis and ethnographic fieldwork, the article analyses the paradigm of government of the Iranian state with regard to disorder as embodied by the lives of poor drug (ab)users.     

The origins of bureaucracy: an anthropological perspective

Many decades have passed since the first appearance of Max Weber's seminal study, in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft , of the origins and characteristics of bureaucracy. His analysis was, naturally, dependent on the existing knowledge of his day; but the growth and maturity of archaeology and anthropology as academic disciplines have shed much new light on the historical and social contexts in which bureaucratic organizations emerged. This article, using Sumerian civilization as a case in point, summarizes much of what we now know about the conditions under which bureaucracy first originated and flourished. In so doing, it identifies several major human developmental and social transformations—the hominid revolution, the agrarian revolution, and the urban revolution—which played vital roles in the evolution and expansion of the bureaucratic form of organization.     

脑源性神经营养因子前体蛋白研究进展

脑源性神经营养因子前体蛋白（pro-BDNF）是成熟型脑源性神经营养因子（mBDNF）的前体形式。最新研究表明，pro-BDNF不仅作为mBDNF的前体形式存在，还可由神经细胞分泌到胞外，发挥与mBDNF不同的生物学效应。本文综述了pro-BDNF蛋白的分子结构、在中枢神经系统的分布、受体、生理效应、分泌与调节以及pro-BDNF与长时程抑制、突触可塑性、记忆形成及毒品成瘾的相关性等方面的研究进展。     

Smuggler’s Blues: Examining Why Countries Become Narcotics Transit States Using the New International Narcotics Production and Transit (INAPT) Data Set

We examine the global determinants of the illicit international narcotics trade and the specific roles that states play in it, a topic understudied by international relations scholars. We develop the first comprehensive global data set of state involvement in international narcotics trafficking and then use the data set to empirically test hypotheses concerning the likelihood of countries to serve as transit states for the transshipment of illicit drugs. We find that more-globalized countries are more likely to act as transit states and that the size of the economy, as well as state corruption and a weak rule of law, are positively related to the probability of acting as a transit state. States with a more stable political environment are also more likely to be transit states.     

从网络成瘾少年的被强制戒除看家庭保障应当承担的社会责任

从近期有关于中国知名戒网瘾专家杨永信用强行禁闭、电休克等非人道的手段进行治疗网瘾患者的事件为引,从家庭保障的角度出发,重点探讨家庭在青少年网络成瘾的问题中应该承担的责任。     

关系的疏离与融合：网络对青少年犯罪的影响探析

网络对青少年犯罪有着重要的影响。不合理地使用网络会造成青少年与社会的联系弱化。按照赫希的“社会控制理论”,这会导致青少年犯罪的增加。与网络的紧密联系会造成青少年与现实社会联系的弱化,突出表现在依恋、奉献、卷入和信念四个方面。不过只要我们对青少年上网行为进行适当的控制和引导,就会使其发挥增强社会联系,预防青少年犯罪的功能。     

浙江省女性吸毒问题的调查

我国女性吸毒人数在过去几年持续上升,由于女性与男性在生理和心理等方面的差异,以及高比例的吸毒女性卖淫已成为艾滋病传播的重要途径,女性吸毒现象开始受到关注.为此应加强女性世界观、人生现、道德观教育,提高其自尊、自爱意识,提高女性素质,增强自主、自强的能力,提高女性对毒品问题严重危害性的认识,并为吸毒女性提供必要的社会关爱和救助,进一步落实社会帮教措施.     

青少年网络成瘾的心理诱因及应对策略

青少年是一个自我防护意识和自我控制能力都相对薄弱的群体，青少年的网络成瘾行为是受其特有的心理特点影响的。他们容易被色情信息、暴力游戏等不良网络内容所吸引，过分沉迷网络，形成网瘾，不仅影响了自身正常的学习、生活、人际交往，而且给社会带来巨大危害。应充分认识青少年网络成瘾的心理诱因，采取有效措施，预防和矫正青少年网络成瘾行为。     

论家庭在戒毒中的作用

家庭是以血缘和亲情为基础的、一个人赖以生存和生活的最基本的组织单位。戒毒，无论接受哪种形式、处于何种阶段，都需要家庭的支持。在不同阶段，家庭的作用侧重点不一。家庭在戒毒中的作用已被理论界和实务界认同。     

从心理学角度谈青少年网络成瘾的因素——运用马斯洛需要层次理论分析

青少年网络成瘾已经成为社会普遍关注的一个问题,它严重影响了青少年心理,生理的成长。导致青少年网络成瘾的因素有很多,包括主观和客观方面的原因,从马斯洛需要层次理论分析来看,青少年网络成瘾的心理机制是青少年的交往需要、尊重需要无法得到满足。