法治层次观照下的法律语言发展完善

法律语言与法律文化的关系密不可分。法律语言的完善程度是法律文化是否成熟的重要标志。法治是有层次的，法律语言必须具有多种特征才能与之相适应。法律语言需要进一步发展完善，立法语言应在准确、严谨的基础上，尽量简明、平实；司法文书写作风格要多样化并增强其内容的说理性；法制宣传要关注民众需求，注重宣传的实效。这是法治层次论对法律语言发展完善的客观要求。     

Integration of the Family Therapy Specialist into Public School Pupil Personnel Services

SUMMARY

The integration of a full-time family counseling specialist into the Pupil Personnel Service (PPS) Team of the modern public school is described. The roles of the present specialists are delineated as well as the problems inherent within the present Pupil Personnel Services Team. Inclusion of a family counseling specialist on the PPS Team would help schools avoid the antagonist position they find themselves in when a family opposes their suggestions and interventions. In such cases, the PPS Team attempts to wrest control of the case from the parents which subjugates the family, limiting the family's inherent resilience and strength. The family comes to resent the PPS Team, seeing them as blameful and controlling. Conversely, the PPS Team comes to resent the family, claiming it is “dysfunctional” in some way and using diagnostic labels to satisfy themselves that their “expert” actions are justified. This antagonist position in the schools arises more out of fear of litigation than good case management. We propose a new integration of family system and school system. Creation of a family counseling specialist who is highly trained in systems, narrative and structural/strategic family therapy could ameliorate this antagonist problem. Numerous functions for such a new specialty are listed as well as suggestions for including this member into PPS Team work.     

人民警察群众工作语言八项注意

熟练地运用恰当得体的群众工作语言是人民警察必备的工作技能,也是各警种岗位技能培训、警衔晋升培训、初任民警培训的重要内容之一.本文从人民警察群众工作实际出发,提出人民警察在处理群众工作中,语言表述做到八项注意,将有助于公安工作任务的完成顺利,有助于和谐的警民关系的构建,有助于人民警察形象的塑造.     

Prediction of violent and sexual offences: A replication study of the VRAG in Switzerland

Abstract

The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) is a widely used actuarial risk assessment instrument and has been validated in different countries. However, there is no investigation supporting the predictive accuracy of the VRAG in the German language area. The VRAG scores of 79 violent and sexual offenders in Switzerland were assessed based on data from their psychiatric expert opinions. The VRAG scores were compared to subsequent recidivism as shown in the official criminal records. Consistent with past research in the English language area, the VRAG yielded a satisfying predictive accuracy (ROC area = .73), demonstrating its usefulness for risk assessment of violent delinquency in the Swiss cultural and German language area.     

略论阅读理解解析方法

英语阅读理解着重考查考生对各种题材和体裁书面材料的理解能力,以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。同样,对大多数将英语作为外语的学习者来说,一生中最常用的英语技能就是阅读了,因为阅读是语言积累和输入的主要途径,在听、说、读、写四项技能中占有很重要的地位。只要稍加留意就会发现,国内外各种语言测试中阅读理解占考试内容的很大比重,这说明阅读能力的高低是检验学习者水平的一个主要方面。培养学生阅读理解能力一直是英语教学的重点,对学生的阅读能力提出了更高的要求。阅读能力的提高离不开大量的阅读实践,更需要一定的理论作指导,由于阅读是从文字系统中提取信息的过程,读者要进行复杂的心理活动,如联想、预测、推理、评价等方面的信息加工,而考生却因为缺少语言基础,阅读技能和不好的阅读习惯而深感困惑。本文旨在表明今后英语教学活动中加强学生阅读策略和阅读习惯培养的教学发展趋势及其重要性。     

麦金太尔自我观解读

本文以麦金太尔对新自由主义的自我概念的批判为主线,揭示了情感主义自我的理论实质及实践危害,强调历史和传统的重要性,强调历史、传统对于自我的构建意义,强调自我的内涵只能在德性实践的历程中,在一个相互联结的叙述系统,在善的寻求中得以理解并不断完善,以此来对抗新自由主义以自我权利和个体自主性为基础的理论。     

对我国“法律语言”概念的反思

法律语言概念的定义,在我国多种多样。每一种定义虽然都有其闪光点,但也都有内在的缺陷。多样化虽然促进了我国法律语言研究在许多方面展开,但影响甚至阻碍了研究的进一步深入。尽管科学地重新定义法律语言的概念并不容易,但解决因法律语言多种概念而遗留的问题则更难。     

汉译英中的理解

翻译中,充分、透彻的理解是表达的前提保证。在母语转换成外语过程中,对原文的理解要求决不低于对目的语的表达。在母语翻译成外语时,理解不仅是源语的字面意思,而应该是对源语所表达的包括语言和文化的各种含义的整体感悟,涉及源语的文化及其文化特点的表现,在译文中最大限度地弥补"信息遗失"。     

跨文化交际与英语教学

学习一种语言,交际是目的,语言是方法,文化是背景。为达到此目的,我们不但要学习语言本身,而且更应该了解以文化为基础的交际形式。本文初步总结了中西方文化在语义、语用中的若干文化差异,以加深学习者对语言本质的理解,避免交际中的文化冲突,以期顺利地完成交际。同时,努力为从事英语教学的工作者提供一些思路,使他们在英语教学实践中选择更好的方法和策略,以适应现代英语教育的需求。     

对大学英语口语教学的反思

口语教学是大学英语教学的重要内容。从早期的“交互假设”理论到最新的美国《世纪外语学习目标》可以看出 ,口语教学在国外教育界愈来愈受到重视 ;国内对口语教学的研究在理论上有了长足的发展和进步。但口语教学在实际操作过程仍存在着许多问题。由于各个学校的差异较大 ,因此应该根据学生的实际情况 ,采取多样灵活的方法 ,开展行之有效的口语教学 ,使其在启动学生学习兴趣、维持言语过程、提高语言能力中发挥积极的作用