自然资源国家所有权双阶构造说

祛除国家所有权的法律神话,遵循解释论立场的研究范式,中国语境中的自然资源国家所有权是一个法规范系统。该系统包含基础性规范、确权性规范、授权性规范及管制性规范四个单元,分别由宪法文本、物权法文本和特别法文本予以载明。具备转介功能的引致条款把各单元串联成一个整体。在现代法秩序中,所有权绝不是由某一个部门法“独家经营”的法律概念。就所有权类型的理论反思而言,自然资源国家所有权蕴含着宪法所有权与民法所有权的双阶构造,纯粹私权说与纯粹公权说均难谓恰当。就自然资源使用的法律调整机制而言,应回归公物与私物二元区分的大陆法传统,并对“非对物采掘类”与“对物采掘类”自然资源作类型化处理,由此形成不同的规范配置。     

Affect and Fairness in Economics

A strained relationship exists between mainstream economics and ethics. Over the last decade, behavioral economists have strongly argued for the importance of fairness in motivating behavior, based on substantial experimental evidence. Two main approaches to the modeling of fairness have been proposed: the outcome-based inequity aversion approach, and the intention-based reciprocity approach. Both approaches have been quite successful in explaining the experimental evidence. Nonetheless, this paper questions the role that is assigned to fairness in these models and the way fairness is incorporated, using recent experimental findings concerning emotions and fairness perceptions. The analysis supports the view that feelings are important for justice, also from a policy perspective, and pleads for closer attention being paid to the functioning of emotional brain systems.

Patterns of Ecchymoses Caused by Manner of Death and Collateral Injuries Sustained in Bruising Incidents: Decedent Injuries,Profiles, Comparisons,and Clinicopathologic Significance

Abstract: We investigated how ecchymoses could be used to predict other injuries, or help establish the cause of death. Ecchymoses, fractures, lacerations, abrasions, and other data were recorded. Eleven percent of decedents had ecchymoses. Motor vehicle accident by car (MVA‐C) was the most common cause of ecchymoses and showed the most collateral injuries. Decedents of natural causes were more likely to have ecchymoses without collateral injuries. There appeared to be two groups of decedents with ecchymoses: one group is younger, comprised of victims of MVA‐C and homicides, with more injuries related to ecchymoses than others; another is an older group of victims of other accidents, natural causes, and suicide. There were no indeterminate causes of death among decedents with ecchymoses. Therefore, ecchymoses may be a surrogate marker to direct the pathologist to continue to seek a cause of death should be seen, even if the case, otherwise, appears to be indeterminate.     

“WTO中-美欧墨原材料贸易案”解读与思考

全球化的发展使得资源和环境逐渐被纳入国家主权的范畴,随之而来的是自由贸易与资源、环境、主权的冲突。随着资源竞争的日益激烈,原材料贸易与资源主权、原材料贸易与环境保护的矛盾日益凸显,现行多边贸易体制的改革也面临决择。     

单位实施纯正自然人犯罪的司法尴尬与立法解脱

单位实施纯正自然人犯罪是单位犯罪中的一种特殊现象。由于我国刑法对此并无明文规定,因而在理论上和实践中对如何处理这类案件的问题一直争议不断。相关司法解释的出台,不但无助于问题的解决,反而给司法实践带来更多的困惑。为此,应重构单位犯罪的立法模式,通过刑事立法软化单位犯罪的法定性原则,实现单位实施纯正自然人犯罪的单位犯罪化。     

伦理、理性与自由——论自然人的民事能力在商业经营中的基础地位

由于自然人固有的权利能力以其伦理属性为基础,自然人的行为能力则以其心智水平为基础,所以自然人的民事能力本身便蕴涵着成为商事主体、从事商业经营括动的能力.自然人的"商事能力"无需商业登记来确认或者拟制,将商业登记作为自然人从事经营活动的正当性的基础,其理由不能成立.自然人的商业自由源自于其固有的民事能力以及私法上的意思自治原则,并且贯穿了独资企业、合伙企业与法人企业,构成了现代商法中商事主体制度与商业登记制度的基础.以"未经登记,不得从事经营活动"为指导思想的商业登记制度,必将在湮没商业自由的同时,导向由准则主义向核准主义的异化.     

民法视角下的不同性别选择阶段的法益分析

性别选择得以产生不是因为生物性别的先天差异,而是缘于社会制度对性别的不平等对待.人的性别专属于自然人,属身体权保护的客体.针对不同的性别选择阶段,分别从选择主体的资格认定、风险责任的承担,生育知情与性别知情的辨别及选择目的的规范等方面进行分析,法律应通过立法技术的完善和法律位阶的提高把对性别选择的立法宗旨限定在为人类疾病控制和生命健康的维护范围内,以实现人与自然、人类自然性别的和谐发展.     

论公众共用自然资源

自然资源的范围大于自然资源资产或公众共用自然资源,即不是一切自然资源都是自然资源资产或公众共用自然资源。公众共用自然资源属于扩大了的财产的范畴,它不是排他性的财产、排他性的自然资源资产,而是非排他性的新型财产。将非排他性的公众共用自然资源与排他性的公共所有自然资源(包括排他性的国家所有自然资源和集体所有自然资源)混合在一起,容易抹杀两种不同性质的自然资源的根本区别,减少和损害公众共同享用自然资源的权益。为了正确处理自然资源资产与公众共用自然资源的关系,提出并阐明了8种确定公众共用自然资源(公众共用土地)的正当性依据和法律形式。     

CHINESE NATURAL LAW TRADITION AND ITS MODERN APPLICATION: A RESPONSE TO HON . ROLLIN A. VAN BROEKHOVEN

This article is a response to Morality And Law In A Global Society: A Place For Natural Law Theory? The first part is a summary and comments on Honorable Rollin A. Van Broekhoven’s survey of the natural law tradition and its relevance to the analysis of the controversial U.S. Supreme Court decisions. Then it addresses Mencius and the Chinese natural law tradition based on the researches of Hu Shih and John C. H. Wu, and the affinity of the natural theories of Mencius and Thomas Aquinas are explored. The third part analyses the sensational case of Yu Huan (2017) from the point of view of natural law and takes it as an example of the relevance of natural law to the theory and practice of contemporary Chinese law.     

竞争权研究

竞争权在市场经济条件下专属于商人,作为商人不可分离的初始权利属自然权利。现在,竞争权正处于从应然权利向实然权利的转换过程中。竞争权是经济权利的新类型。在市场经济条件下,它专属于商人。作为商人不可分离的初始权利,竞争权是一项自然权利。