Collective action in small-scale mushroom production in Swaziland: does organisational form matter?

While substantial literature is available on the determinants of small-scale farmers’ participation in collective action, and the welfare impacts of producing and/or marketing collectively, studies on the likely implications of organisational form on producers’ collective behaviour remain scant. This article attempts to address this knowledge gap by using an example of different forms of small-scale mushroom-producing groups in Swaziland. Given the importance of collective action in sub-Saharan Africa, the overall results of this article provide valuable insights into alternative means of coordinating commercial small-scale agricultural activities, which can improve producers’ ultimate benefits while reducing the likelihood of internal free-riding.     

Erstwhile villages in urban India

In the process of urbanisation villages are becoming parts of cities or towns, and are becoming almost irreversibly transformed as a result. Erstwhile villages, now parts of cities and towns, are on the margins of an urbanising India. They are lagging behind other parts of the cities in terms of receiving basic urban services and infrastructures. Urban development processes should look at the specific issues and concerns of these villages independently from the need and scope of planning for the city at large. This would make the transition from rural to urban status fair and inclusive for erstwhile villagers.     

Farmers,peanuts, and aflatoxins in Uganda: A gendered approach

This article describes a collaborative research for development project that used participatory methods to engage smallholder farmers in Uganda in post-harvest aflatoxin management. It is based primarily on qualitative research with peanut growers tracing ‘the path of the peanut’ through their hand-drawn maps and journal writing. By focusing on everyday life and including recipes and drawings, this research encouraged women's participation and emphasised women's roles. A unique partnership among universities, women's organisations, and farmers created an environment of mutual learning and produced a book documenting food preparation and other post-harvest practices as part of a study and capacity-building effort on peanuts and aflatoxins.     

Identification of Natural Images and Computer‐Generated Graphics Based on Statistical and Textural Features

To discriminate the acquisition pipelines of digital images, a novel scheme for the identification of natural images and computer‐generated graphics is proposed based on statistical and textural features. First, the differences between them are investigated from the view of statistics and texture, and 31 dimensions of feature are acquired for identification. Then, LIBSVM is used for the classification. Finally, the experimental results are presented. The results show that it can achieve an identification accuracy of 97.89% for computer‐generated graphics, and an identification accuracy of 97.75% for natural images. The analyses also demonstrate the proposed method has excellent performance, compared with some existing methods based only on statistical features or other features. The method has a great potential to be implemented for the identification of natural images and computer‐generated graphics.     

现代民法中自然人制度的反思与重塑

自然人作为现代民法中首要的民事主体制度 ,其本身的建构以及与其他制度的相互联系 ,无不体现文明的法治对人的终极关怀。笔者从自然人的本质入手 ,构造了理想状态的“自然人” ,然后从经济、法律文化的角度 ,借助历史的方法 ,指出在我国重塑民法上自然人制度的必要性。     

宪政的理论基础探源

宪政是基督文化的内生物。近代的自然权利说和契约论思想为宪政的价值取向与制度构建奠定了理论基础和进行了实证分析。而人性至善论和等级论却是中国宪政之路的思维障碍。当代中国宪政目标的真正实现 ,必须首先实行法观念的更新。     

人权概念探析

人权随着人类社会的发展而逐渐被人们认识和提出来。从本质上讲 ,人权是人的本能在社会中的需求和表现。人权的内容随着社会的发展而发展。自然性和社会性是人权的基本属性。因此 ,人权既具有普遍性也具有特殊性 ,人权问题既是国际问题也是国内问题。人权的实现要靠国际国内共同努力。     

宪政视野里的人权观念重构

在我国现已加入多项国际人权公约的背景下,我国的现行文本宪法仍未引入国际通行的人权概念。本文试图从宪政体制的视野,针对宪政体制和人权保障,宪法文本的阶级话语和人权观念的冲突的角度,分析并认为将马克思主义的无产阶级革命理论运用到社会主义建设时期,用无产阶级革命时期理论思维去指导社会主义的国家建设,用阶级矛盾和阶级斗争思维去建构我们的宪政体系是我们现行宪政体制中人权认识上步入误区的原因所在,也是我们在宪政视野中对人权价值观念进行重构的起点。     

重灾救援与灾后重建的“中国模式”探讨

人类文明的发展史,从某种程度上来说就是与自然灾害的抗争史。进入21世纪后的短短10年中,中国大陆就发生了4次特大自然灾害,如南方冰雪灾害、汶川、玉树大地震、舟曲泥石流灾害等。应对严重的自然灾害,并迅速进行灾后恢复建设,中国人民创造了具有中国特色的“中国模式”,不仅可以为我国以后在重大自然灾害发生后短时间内实现经济恢复提供理论支持,同时也可为国际社会提供减灾救灾的“中国经验”。     

马克思与现代自然法思想的内在难题——基于《论犹太人问题》的分析

在人类法律思想的发展史上,现代自然法思想奠定了现代法律思想的基础,成为了资产阶级革命最为有力的武器。然而,自其诞生开始,现代自然法思想就蕴含着内在矛盾,该矛盾在资产阶级革命胜利之后进一步凸显出来。马克思走向成熟时期的论著——《论犹太人问题》——揭示了这一矛盾的深层次原因。而且,马克思进一步指出,人要获得最后的解放必须批判随资产阶级革命而建立起来的现实世界,并最终消除导致人之异化的资本。如此,现代自然法思想中的难题也才有了彻底解决的可能。