基于过程管理的城市灾害应急管理综合能力评价体系研究

城市灾害应急管理综合能力是衡量该地区城市灾害管理水平的重要指标,建立科学合理的城市灾害应急管理能力综合评价体系是城市灾害管理的重要课题。本文借鉴了国内外城市灾害应急管理能力的研究成果,建立了基于过程管理的城市灾害应急管理综合能力评价体系,该系统包括灾前预警能力评价、灾中应急能力评价和灾后恢复能力评价等三个分系统以及12个子系统,并用综合评价表对政府部门的应急反应能力进行了实证分析。     

自然、契约与人性——古希腊智者与近代契约理论的界分

契约理论是关于国家(城邦)起源的重要理论。古希腊智者学派在自然与约定的争论中表达了早期的契约理论,将自然本性和人性完善作为契约的基础,对人、社会、自然做出了界定,同时也抬升了人的地位。近代霍布斯、洛克以自然状态为社会契约论的逻辑起点,以人性的欲望至上性为基础,在确立人的主体地位的同时,也削弱了自然和人的本性力量。通过古代与近代契约理论的界分,领悟到人的真正发展是自身发展和自然的复活,是人、社会、自然的和谐发展。     

Introduction: the measures of waves

Abstract

The aftershocks of the spring of 2011 in Japan led the nation into a paralysis of futureshock. But as the aftershocks continued and news of more radiation seeped out of the cracks in the tightly sealed industrial-political power generator, it became clear that the idea that the earthquake has brought a new reality to Japan must itself be resisted. Indeed what is now evident is that little has changed, despite renewed urgency to respond.

Although the waves of disaster in Japan unfolding from 11 March caught everyone off guard, in some significant ways Japan was already prepared. Such preparedness can be read into Japan's long history of dealing with disasters, twenty years of economic stagnation and the growing prevalence of mysticism and eschatology in pop culture in the wake of the Kobe earthquake and Aum Shinrikyō attacks on the Tokyo subway. So, rather than a rupture, an anomalous event, the series of catastrophes of the spring 2011 that appeared as if out of the blue could be narrativized in real time through social media and connected to historical and social contingencies and continuities.

Rather than mourning the passing of some Japan that may never have existed or may already have passed away some time in the early 1990s, 11 March should be the occasion for reflection on the past, action in the present and taking stock for the future. Fighting the tendency to be stunned into complacency, this special issue reflects on the past and future amid the aftershocks radiating from Fukushima and post-earthquake Japan.     

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms,Relationship Adjustment,and Relationship Aggression in a Sample of Female Flood Victims

This study tested a model examining the interrelationships among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, intimate relationship adjustment, and intimate relationship aggression in a sample of 205 adult female flood victims. At the bivariate level, higher PTSD symptoms were associated with higher physical and psychological aggression victimization, poorer relationship adjustment, and higher physical and psychological aggression perpetration. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that relationship aggression victimization influenced aggression perpetration directly, and in the case of physical aggression, indirectly through its relationship with PTSD symptoms and relationship adjustment. The influence of PTSD symptoms on physical aggression perpetration was fully explained by poorer relationship adjustment. These findings extend prior work from other traumatized populations documenting associations between variables reflecting PTSD symptomatology and indices of relationship functioning, and indicate a need for further investigation in this area of inquiry. This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (1-R01-MH55542).     

国际法上的“强行法”规范初探

国际法上的"强行法"规范是指由全体国际社会成员所公认且在缔约时不能贬损的那些国际法律规范,对此类规范的存在,国际社会已经形成普遍共识;其最初适用范围仅仅限于国家的缔约行为,但随后逐渐及于其它国家行为;国际法学说、条约及国际司法实践初步确认了某些具体的规则具有"强行法"规范的性质,但关于"强行法"的更为明确或具体的范畴问题,国际社会远未达成普遍共识,因而在"强行法"规范的识别及具体适用上存在相当困难;经过深入的国际法理论研究和有力倡导以及长期的国际法实践的推演,国际法上的"强行法"规范更有可能通过习惯国际法的方式加以产生;在条件成就时,再由习惯国际法规则演变或制定为条约国际法规则。     

法律实证主义的问题意识

法律实证主义作为西方法哲学史上与自然法学派相对立的思想流派.始终饱受误解和质疑.法律实证主义的"问题意识"是深入领会其良苦用心和精神实质的关键.自然法学派与法律实证主义的法律观都具有批判与保守、灵活与随意、确定与僵化的两面性.法律实证主义以"形式正义"取代"实质正义",以"合法性"诠释"正当性",是对自然法的绝对性、抽象性、不确定性等形而上学固有缺陷深刻认识的结果,反映了法律实证主义深刻的问题意识.因之,法律实证主义在实践上具有更稳健、妥切、现实的品格.法律实证主义以特殊的方式理解和处理了正当性观念,它与自然法学派的关系与其说是本体论上的对立,不如说是认识论和方法论上的发展、补充和超越,由此二者才能共同支撑和维护西方法治文明的大厦.     

法哲学视域下的民事权利概念

我国大陆现存的民事权利概念是专门由民法学家经营的一个概念,是民法学视域下的民事权利概念,也是狭义的民事权利概念。法哲学视域下的民事权利概念,是应该由法理学家或宪法学家经营的一个概念,是广义的民事权利概念。该概念应是站在法哲学的高度,在整个法学领域内,对民事权利进行全景式的认识和研究,因而该概念更具全面性和普适性。法哲学视域下的民事权利概念有利于全面认识和揭示民事权利的属性;有利于全面认识和揭示民事权利对法的作用和在法体系中的地位;有利于语词使用上的一致性。     

确定自然人破产能力之机理

破产法是规范市场经济秩序的一部重要法律。破产能力的界定反映一部破产法的价值取向 ,决定破产程序结构。我国目前对企业法人的破产能力已无争议。从破产制度的目的和立法政策两方面探讨确定自然人破产能力的可行性和必要性     

略论美国自然资源损害赔偿范围

《清洁水法》、《综合环境反应、赔偿与责任法》、《石油污染法》构建了美国自然资源损害赔偿范围的基本框架。赔偿金的确定过程需经历自然资源损害的识别、资源价值的认定和赔偿路径的选择几个阶段。这一过程也构成了理解赔偿范围——修复费用、过渡期损失和评估费用,分析赔偿全面性的线索。这为我国自然资源损害赔偿制度的建立提供了借鉴。     

斯多亚哲学与自然法中的普世主义

斯多亚哲学是西方自然法理论的开端,基于其对世界精致的泛神论解释,斯多亚哲学提出了普世主义的平等观,人人皆有神性,在起源上皆为平等。斯多亚哲学的普世主义经由自然法的媒介改造了罗马法,为罗马法产生平等法权观念提供了哲学前提。