自然资源物权法律关系理论探析

论及自然资源物权,从法律关系的角度入手进行研究可以更加清晰的认识自然资源物权的特点。自然资源所有权的主体只能是国家和集体,国家行使自然资源所有权的主要方式是出让自然资源利用权,集体行使自然资源所有权的主要方式是发包自然资源利用权,集体行使自然资源所有权应以集体成员利益为本。应赋予自然资源用益物权更加独立的地位,需要处理好自然资源用益物权人与所有权人之间的权利义务关系。自然资源担保物权的客体是可以转让的自然资源用益物权,自然资源担保物权的主要形式是权利抵押。     

Garden of Eden? The impact of resettlement on squatters' ‘agri-hoods’ in Fiji

Since the mid 1990s, squatter settlements in Fiji have been expanding at a phenomenal rate, largely due to the non-renewal of agricultural land leases and inadequate urban governance. In response to squatter growth, the government of Fiji has implemented a squatter-resettlement scheme. This scheme threatens the livelihoods of squatters engaged in urban agriculture, or ‘farming squatters’. In this article, interviews with key informants and squatter residents will reveal contrasting attitudes and approaches to the issue of ‘farming squatters’. The article suggests a more participatory process to address the needs of ‘farming squatters’.     

析GATS下有关自然人流动的具体承诺的改进

WTO各成员方针对自然人流动做出具体承诺,这些具体承诺规定了实质内容,构成GATS下自然人流动法律制度的核心。其中存在的一些不足之处成为阻碍自然人流动在GATS框架下顺利进行的主要原因,应相应地予以改进:增加承诺部门,扩大部门承诺;扩宽准入的自然人类型,切实保障发展中国家的更多参与;减少限制性条件,增加现有条件的确定性;采用GATS签证制度,订立具体承诺范本。     

The Subject Status of Procuratorate in Marine Litigation on "Public Interests Protection"

The litigations of marine natural resources ormarine ecological (environmental) damages involve two different types of litigations, and the procuratorate should be involved in the litigationsas different litigation subjects. The compensatory litigation of marine natural resource damageis the private interest litigation which relieves the private interest damage of state owned natural resources. According to The Administrative Litigation Law and The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Cases, the procuratorate should be the supervising subject. However, the compensatory litigation of marine ecological (environmental) damage is the public interest litigation which relieves public interests, and on the basis of Marine Environment Protection Law, The Civil Procedure Law and The Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Cases, the procuratorate should be the supplementary subject. Due to the particularity of the marine litigations, the procuratoratefiles lawsuits against the marine natural resources ormarine ecological (environmental) damages, which shall apply both to The Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning Compensation for Damages of Marine Natural Resources and Ecological Environment and The Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Cases.     

中、俄、蒙三国的油气合作

中国处于石油资源相对贫乏的东亚西太平洋区域,总体石油资源不足;俄罗斯东西伯利亚和远东地区的石油和天然气储量丰富,蒙古石油矿藏集中在中蒙两国边界地区,这为中、俄、蒙的油气合作提供了可能,并且从蒙古直接穿过进入中国的中俄石油管道是最近、最安全的线路。从未来发展的趋势看,中国可积极利用俄蒙的资源投资与合作,参与输气、输油管道的建设,拓宽和夯实中俄油气合作的经济基础。     

Different skeletal elements as a source of DNA for genetic identification of Second World War victims

To this day process of identification of missing persons from skeletonized human remains with help of forensic genetics proves to be complex and challenging. The success rate of genetic identification in bones strongly depends on a combination of various factors, most importantly environmental factors and post-mortem interval. Furthermore, there are individual-specific factors that affect DNA preservation, such as race, gender, age and type of skeletal elements. The goal of our study was to optimize sampling process through determining which skeletal elements are superior in their preservation of DNA in 70-yearold skeletons belonging to victims of Second World War. We sampled different types of bones and teeth from three such skeletons found in Slovenian hidden mass grave Huda jama, 56 elements from each respective skeleton, together 168 elements. With the help of parameters, such as quantity of DNA, degradation rate and typing success, we tried to find the best types of elements to identify the victims. Prior to powdering bones and teeth, we removed contaminants. We decalcified 0.5 g bone and tooth powder followed by extraction and purification of DNA using Biorobot EZ1 (Qiagen). Quantification of obtained nuclear DNA was carried out using PowerQuant kit (Promega) and autosomal STR typing using ESSplex SE QS kit (Qiagen). Best parameters to assess skeletal elements that are superior in their DNA preservation were quantity of DNA and number of successfully typed STR loci. Metacarpal and metatarsal bones proved to be the best, followed by intermediate cuneiform, first distal foot phalanx, talus, petrous bone and tibia. We also created elimination database for persons involved in exhumation, anthropological and genetic analyses and exclude potential contamination.     

眼损伤图形刺激对比度视诱发电位

目的研究眼损伤者对比度视诱发电位的特征。方法选取本中心行法医临床学鉴定的60例眼损伤者,根据最佳矫正视力分为0.2~0.3(A组)、0.3~0.5(B组)、≥0.5(C组)三组。分别观察100%、25%、10%对比度条件下的对比度视诱发电位波的振幅及潜伏期变化特征,并行统计学分析。结果 (1)相同对比度时,P_(100)波振幅随刺激视角的减小而降低;(2)相同刺激视角时,P_(100)波振幅随对比度降低而降低,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)100%、25%对比度时,相同刺激视角(100%7′视角除外),A组与B组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组与C组、B组与C组随视力提高,P_(100)波振幅增高(P0.05);10%对比度15′刺激视角,P_(100)波振幅随视力提高而增高(P0.05);(4)相同对比度下,相同刺激视角时,P_(100)波潜伏期随视力提高而缩短,但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相同刺激视角时,随对比度降低,P_(100)波潜伏期延长,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对比度视诱发电位有望成为评估对比度视力的方法之一。     

俄罗斯联邦紧急状态法研究

本文回顾前苏联状态立法的历史发展过程,分析了俄罗斯联邦紧急状态的立法动因,总结了2001年《俄罗斯联邦紧急状态法》出台以后俄罗斯现有的紧急状态立法的法律体系和特点.供我国目前紧急状态立法参考.     

川端康成小说创作的生态审美意识

生态审美观是20世纪70年代以后出现的新形态的审美观念。生态美学主张更为可行的“生态人文主义”与“生态整体主义”,兼顾人类发展与环境保护的和谐。川端康成虽是20世纪早期的一位作家,但在其作品中却超前性地具有“天人合一”的审美意识,在其小说创作中常以绚丽多姿的自然风光为背景,以丰富多变的季节转换为衬托,去展现无限生机的人性自然,塑造了一个个自然之子形象。同时,作者从整体主义思想出发,对现代工业文明对自然的破坏深感忧虑。他的生态审美意识既来自于对传统的继承,也是对传统的超越,对当代作家的创作及读者的审美倾向都具有启示作用。     

刑法第306条存与废:倾听法律职业人的声音

刑法第306条(又称律师伪证罪)从其诞生之日起就面临着当存还是当废的巨大争议,这些争议或来自学理或来自实践中的相关利益群体。2009年底至2010年初的李庄案再次使得这一争论从幕后转至台前。通过考察法律职业人对第306条的真实态度,可以深入地发掘争议背后的社会因素:即司法机关观念上的误区;诉讼结构的不合理;追诉程序上的瑕疵,从而从实体和程序上为刑法第306条的未来寻求一条理性的出路———存而慎用。