环境公益诉讼的另类视角:自然物种诉讼

自然权利的讨论必然要反映在对诉讼法的冲击上,即是否考虑自然物种对其所享有的权利而具有诉讼资格以及如何实现他们的诉权等。这导致美国、日本的法院进行了一些审判上的尝试。虽然自然物种诉讼在理论上还需要法理学和诉讼法学的突破,在实践中还处于探索状态,但自然物种诉讼在环境公益的保护上仍然具有重要的意义。自然物种诉讼的基本框架包括:自然物种诉讼是公益诉讼的一种表现形式;自然物种诉讼要在赋予自然物种诉讼资格和防止恶意诉讼之间保证一种平衡;自然物种诉讼的实施机制是代物诉讼。     

自然人人格的伦理解读——兼论德国民法典人文主义的价值起点

德国民法典是以权利为本位的法,人格是民法典的价值源泉和逻辑起点,民法典的人文主义价值是以自然人人格的概念为技术中介而贯穿到整个法典之始终,以历史的视角,对自然人人格内涵作出动态考察,侧重对德国民法典赖以存在的精神基础--康德的伦理人格主义哲学作出分析是,并对自然人人格所承载的价值作出阐释,主张我国民法典的制定对此应当予以借鉴.     

俄罗斯与东北亚天然气合作

俄罗斯是世界天然气资源最为丰富的国家,其远东和西伯利亚占全俄土地面积的3/5,地处东北亚。东北亚是21世纪天然气消费增长的主要地区,同时又是能源相对短缺的地区;东北亚国家俄罗斯、中国、日本、韩国、朝鲜在天然气资源、资金、技术、劳务方面有很强的互补性,具备合作条件。但因为还存在一些问题,所以长期以来东北亚天然气合作的进展并不顺利。     

THE CALM AFTER THE STORM: USING MEDIATION TO RESOLVE PARENTING DISPUTES IN THE WAKE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

Hurricane Katrina not only tore apart communities along the Gulf Coast, it displaced hundreds of thousands of families throughout the country. Included in the massive numbers of displaced families were children from divorced, separated, or unmarried parents. As a result, many children have since relocated far away from one of their parents without court permission, causing an influx of parenting disputes among the unmarried parents. Litigation concerning parenting disputes that follow natural disasters is not only expensive, but is emotionally taxing on both parents and children and floods the already drained court system. This Note discusses alternative ways in which parenting disputes can be resolved following natural disasters. It explains how children are affected by relocating away from one of their parents and how those effects are comounded by natural disasters. Further, it explains how alternative dispute resolution methods help alleviate the effects of parenting disputes, specifically relocation disputes, on children. Finally, this Note proposes that all parents should be mandated to mediate any parenting disputes following natural disasters.     

海域物权的法律属性研究及立法模式选择

随着社会形势的发展变化，海域事实上已经逐渐取得了类似于土地的不动产地位。因此，需要对传统民法的物权理论进行革新：注重自然资源物权与传统物权的协调；对物权客体特定性的含义进行重新定位；对自然资源物权进行类型化分析；海域物权与土地物权并列，都应受民事立法和特别立法的共同规范。宪法中应明确规定海域资源的法律地位，物权法也应对海域物权的基本问题做出规定，并通过专门立法来协调在海域物权中的公益与私益冲突。     

自然资源物权制度的理论基础研究

构建自然资源物权制度的首要任务是构建自然资源物权制度的理论基础。自然资源与传统物权制度上的"物"不同,自然资源具有经济价值和生态价值的双重属性。同时,自然资源与生态环境之间存在复杂的关系。这些原因导致了自然资源物权制度的理论基础与传统物权制度的理论基础之间存在差异。自然资源物权制度的理论基础应是对传统物权制度理论基础的借鉴和超越。从哲学、伦理学、经济学和法理学的视角探究自然资源物权制度的理论基础,对我国自然资源物权制度的构建具有重要的指导意义。     

Power Play: Mediation in Symmetric and Asymmetric International Crises

This study engages with the question: Do different types of natural disasters—droughts, earthquakes, floods, storms, and others—trigger political instability? It revisits an ongoing debate over the nature of association between disasters and conflict and reassesses this relationship using the model of conflict developed by the Political Instability Task Force as well as its data, measures of political instability, and methods of assessment. The study finds only marginal support for the impact of certain types of disasters on the onsets of political instability. The preexisting country-specific conditions, including the resilience of a state's institutions to crisis, account for most of the variance in the dependent variable. Once the characteristics of a state's political regime are taken into account, the effect of disasters weakens or disappears completely, suggesting that natural disasters become catalysts of political instability in only those states which are already prone to conflict.     

天然孳息的属性和归属

天然孳息是原物的天然派生物。原物与派生物都是有主物。天然孳息是有体物、独立之物、动产,可以是特定物,也可以是种类物。天然孳息可以由所有权人取得,也可以由用益物权人和用益债权人取得。担保物权人对天然孳息只是收取占有,而非取得所有权。天然孳息的取得是原始取得。     

SURROGACY IN JAPAN: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS FOR PARENTAGE AND CITIZENSHIP

Japan has not yet regulated assisted reproductive technology by law. This lack of rules and regulations leaves to the courts the solution of numerous controversies, and puts patients in a situation of considerable uncertainty about their rights. First, the article uses a Supreme Court case on foreign surrogacy to discuss how courts should decide when there is a conflict between existing laws and the best interest of the child. Then, after describing the current situation and trends of surrogacy in Japan, the article examines a potential problem of coherence in prohibiting surrogacy and at the same time allowing adoption by the intended parents.     

论国际投资争端解决中的自然遗产保护

随着经济全球化的发展,国际投资活动对自然遗产的保护构成了威胁和挑战。在认定东道国的限制行为是否构成征收时,应采用目的和纯粹效果相结合的标准。在争端解决方式上应当结合使用仲裁、调解等替代性争议解决方式。同时可以在投资协定中采用文化例外条款来免除东道国因保护自然遗产而产生的责任。