股东知情权与公司商业秘密权的冲突与协调

我国新公司法当中修改了股东知情权的内容,谓之一大进步。但同时有不完善之处,尤其在对公司商业秘密保护方面问题突出。在保证股东的知情权利益的同时兼顾公司的经营利益,从立法规定到执法公正再到司法救济上,减少甚至避免二者之间冲突的发生。     

商业贿赂犯罪案件中司法会计检查的运用

商业贿赂是一种新型经济犯罪,它违反了平等、公平、诚实信用的市场竞争原则,阻碍了市场机制的运行,破坏了市场资源的合理配置。打击商业贿赂犯罪已成为当前经济犯罪侦查工作的重点。由于商业贿赂案件证据具有其自身的特点,因此对该类案件开展司法会计检查必须把握其要点。     

电子数据取证若干问题研究

随着计算机科学的普及与发展,涉及计算机系统的案件也与日俱增,电子数据取证的正确与否关系到案件的定性与定罪量刑问题。电子证据具有双重性、多媒体性、易破坏性等特征,电子数据取证应坚持及时性、合法性、全面性和专业性等原则。现阶段电子数据取证中存在法律定位不准等一些问题,应针对这些问题提出相应的对策。     

论科学证据的采纳

科学证据是通过现代科学技术方法所获得的证据。其证据能力的采纳与一般证据既有共性,又有特殊性。科学证据的采纳必须解决如下三大问题:相关性的认定、合法性的审查以及科学性的判断。     

新农村建设的逻辑起点：国民收入城乡分配和谐

国民收入城乡分配长期失衡是城乡二元结构和“三农”问题日益深化的重要诱因之一。调整国民收入城乡分配结构,构建和谐的国民收入城乡分配关系,是社会主义新农村建设的逻辑起点和根本前提。     

《共同纲领》与国民经济恢复时期的国家经济建设

本文初步解读和简要概述了《共同纲领》中新民主主义经济方针的基本内容和历史针对性。《共同纲领》是中国共产党长期探索新民主主义经济理论的思想结晶。从理论属性说,它不是社会主义的,而是新民主主义的。从实践方面说,它成功引导了国民经济恢复时期的国家经济活动。     

Palynology: its position in the field of forensic science

Here we examine the current state of palynology in the field of forensic science. Forensic palynology is discussed with reference to other forensic disciplines to help understand what is required for its progress. Emerging developments are also discussed. Palynomorphs potentially deliver excellent trace evidence, fulfilling the requirements relating to the transfer, persistence, and detection of such evidence. Palynological evidence can provide very powerful investigative and associative evidence. Despite this, the application of palynology to forensic science has had mixed success. There are many anecdotal stories where pollen evidence has had spectacular successes. But it is extremely underutilized in most countries because it is labor-intensive and requires considerable expertise and experience, there is a lack of control over sample collection and inadequate resourcing and funding, and its crime-solving power is not well known. Palynology has been applied to forensic problems in an unstructured way, resulting in a lack of formalized discussion of the underlying principles. As there is renewed questioning of the acceptability of most evidence types in the current legal environment, there is a need for the establishment of palynological evidence through validation-type studies and experimentation, and the implementation of independent proficiency testing.     

A calculation of the theoretical significance of matched bullets

Abstract:  The comparison and identification of bullets from the striations that appear on their surfaces, after they have been fired from a gun, have been practiced since the 1920s. Although the significance of the correspondences of these impression marks has been empirically justified, there is a conspicuous absence of any theoretical foundation for the likelihood. What is presented here is the derivation of the formulae for calculating the probability for the correspondence of the impression marks on a subject bullet to a random distribution of a similar number of impression marks on a suspect bullet of the same type. The approach to the calculation entails subdividing the impression marks into a series of individual lines having widths equal to the separation distance at which a misalignment of striations between the two bullets cannot be distinguished. This distance depends upon the resolution limit imposed by the microscope as well as by the visual acuity of the examiner. A calculation of the probabilities for finding pairs and triplets of consecutively matching lines on nonmatching bullets, by an examiner with normal perception using a microscope at 40× magnification, produces values that agree well with the empirical probabilities determined by Biasotti in the 1950s and when determined for larger consecutive sequences suggest that they are extremely unlikely to occur. The formulae can be used to determine the probabilities for the random occurrence of any sequence of striae and provide a straightforward way to quantitatively justify the significance of a specific match between any two bullets.     

美国专家证言的可采性研究——以美国判例与立法的互动为中心

美国对专家证言的可采性经历了弗赖伊判例"普遍接受标准"的限定到《联邦证据规则》对专家证言"关联性"和"有用性"的立法扩张,催生了达伯特判例的"综合观察标准",又因"乔因纳"、"锦湖轮胎"判例对达伯特判例的冲击,引发了涉及科学、技术和经验知识专家证言可采性的多种判断标准的纷争,导致《联邦证据规则》作出了限缩性的修正。判例与立法的互动背后演绎着专家证言可采性的判断权由"科技社群"向"法官"移转,最终法官扮演了专家证言进入法庭"守门人"的角色。美国专家证言可采性判断标准迷失于判例促发立法的互动,为我国法官如何走出依赖原有内部设立鉴定人积习提供了有益的启迪和可借鉴的经验。