基于16S rRNA基因测序探讨加味交泰丸对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群的影响

目的 探究加味交泰丸对腹泻型肠易激综合征(diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, IBS-D)患者肠道菌群的影响。方法 将60例IBS-D患者随机分为中药组和西药组,每组30例。另选健康者10例作为健康对照组。中药组采用加味交泰丸治疗,西药组采用地衣芽孢杆菌治疗。采用IBS严重程度评分系统(irritable bowel syndrome-severity scoring system, IBS-SSS)评估两组患者临床疗效,采用16S rRNA基因测序法检测肠道菌群。结果 两组患者治疗前IBS-SSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗4周后,两组患者的IBS-SSS评分均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),且中药组评分降低程度更显著(P<0.05)。与健康对照组比较,IBS-D患者的肠道菌群α多样性显著降低(P<0.05),β多样性也有显著差异(P<0.05),但中药及西药治疗对肠道菌群的多样性无显著影响;在属水平上,加味交泰丸治疗显著增加了优势菌Eubacterium＿eligens＿g...     

Human Leukocyte Antigen alleles as an aid to STR in complex forensic DNA samples

Human biological samples with multiple contributors remain one of the most challenging aspects of DNA typing within a forensic science context. With the increasing sensitivity of commercially available kits allowing detection of low template DNA, complex mixtures are now a standard component of forensic DNA evidence. Over the years, various methods and techniques have been developed to try to resolve the issue of mixed profiles. However, forensic DNA analysis has relied on the same markers to generate DNA profiles for the past 30 years causing considerable challenges in the deconvolution of complex mixed samples. The future of resolving complicated DNA mixtures may rely on utilising markers that have been previously applied to gene typing of non-forensic relevance. With Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS), techniques becoming more popular and accessible even epigenetic markers have become a source of interest for forensic scientists.The aim of this review is to consider the potential of alleles from the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex as effective forensic markers. While Massively Parallel Sequencing of HLA is routinely used in clinical laboratories in fields such as transplantation, pharmacology or population studies, there have not been any studies testing its suitability for forensic casework samples.     

番鸭细小病毒MDPV YZ株VP2和VP3蛋白基因的克隆和序列测定

根据国外已发表的番鸭细小病毒(MDPV)FM株基因组核苷酸序列设计了1对引物,应用PCR技术扩增了MDPV YZ株的VP2和VP3蛋白基因片段.将扩增后的VP2和VP3蛋白基因克隆到pCR 3.1 T载体上,MDPV YZ株基因大小为1764 bp,编码528个氨基酸,并对插入片段进行序列测定.测定结果表明,我国分离的MDPV YZ株蛋白基因序列与国外发表的序列的同源性为98.5%.     

二代测序技术在Y染色体遗传标记分型中的法医学应用

法医遗传学领域常利用Y染色体的父系遗传特点,对非重组区遗传标记进行检测并用于亲缘关系鉴定、混合斑检测、家系排查以及种族推断等研究.目前毛细管电泳仍是应用最为广泛的检测技术,基于该技术的商业化检测试剂盒及数据分析处理系统十分成熟.随着生物信息量的增长,传统检测技术通量低的弊端逐渐显现,推动了法医DNA分型技术的革新.近年...     

基于高通量测序进行无创产前亲子鉴定的可行性

目的初步探讨基于高通量测序进行STR分型的技术方法应用于无创产前亲子鉴定的可行性。方法选择13个STR基因座(6个常染色体STR基因座,6个Y染色体STR基因座,1个性别判定基因座),进行复合PCR扩增和高通量测序文库构建后,采用Ion PGM400高通量测序平台进行测序,并采用自主研发软件NGS-STR genotyper(perl脚本)进行STR分型,本文简称上述过程为NGS-STR分型。对13个母子配对混合样本(母亲:儿子=2%~50%)、1组家系样本进行了上述NGS-STR分型,旨在(1)了解其在混合样本中的灵敏度及分型情况;(2)了解其在无创产前亲子鉴定中的应用可能性。结果 (1)当混合样本中低组分(儿子)的比例超过8%,所有基因座均可检出低组分的STR信息;(2)对1例血浆样本进行NGS-STR分型,共计69.2%的基因座可检出胎儿的STR基因型信息,且所有检出基因座均符合孟德尔遗传规律。结论初步证明了NGS-STR分型技术具有进行无创产前亲子鉴定的可行性。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离及其N基因片段的克隆和测序

通过形态学观察、动物回归试验、鸡胚接种试验、病毒干扰试验以及血凝试验分离鉴定了1株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)。在透射电子显微镜下,病毒粒子多呈球形,直径为80~120 nm,有囊膜,表面有冠状突起。鸡胚连续盲传至第 1~2 代,开始出现死亡或出现侏儒胚;分离株可显著干扰NDV在鸡胚中的增殖;病毒尿囊液无凝血活性,但经5 g/L胰蛋白酶处理后,能够凝集10 mL/L的鸡红细胞。利用RT PCR技术对分离株的N基因进行了扩增,经克隆、序列测定和分析比较,证实分离株为肾型IBV,命名为AH3 04株。     

鹅副黏病毒辽宁分离株HN基因的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR技术对鹅副黏病毒辽宁分离株 DG-01 的 HN基因进行了扩增,获得了 1条1.8 kb的特异性条带。将此扩增产物克隆至pGEM-T载体,重组克隆质粒经鉴定后进行 DNA序列测定。测序结果表明,所克隆的基因片段长度为1 810 bp,含有1个1 716 bp的开放性阅读框架,编码571个氨基酸。核苷酸同源性分析表明:DG 01株与我国其他9株鹅副黏病毒的同源性为89.9%~95.1%;与国内外NDV HN基因的同源性为82.1%~95.2%,与国内标准强毒F48E9的同源性为84.7%,与Taiwan95和NL/96株的同源性分别为94.1%和95.2%。     

粪便DNA提取及检验

目的　研究人类粪便DNA的提取和检验方法。方法　 8人份粪便样本 ,磁珠法提取DNA后 ,进行STR复合扩增和mtDNAHVI区测序分析。结果　用 2种方法提取的粪便DNA ,STR复合扩增检验均未获成功 ;方法1提取的粪便DNA有 6个样本、方法 2有 7个样本获得了清晰可读的mtDNAHVI区序列 ,并与唾液对照样本DNA的序列完全一致。结论　用本文建立的方法提取粪便DNA ,不适于STR分析 ,可通过mtDNA测序分析进行检验。     

Mitochondrial DNA Validation in a State Laboratory*,†

Abstract: Because of the inception of the FBI Regional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) laboratories, many do not see establishing state/local mtDNA processing laboratories as a priority. Yet there is a long‐term need for mtDNA processing that will exceed the capabilities of the FBI Regional mtDNA laboratories and the few other laboratories that are currently processing mtDNA, and that need can be fulfilled by state/local laboratories. Thus, the DNA Unit of the Delaware Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME‐DNA Unit) completed validation of in‐house mtDNA testing in January 2007. The validation plan for mtDNA processing included the following sections: preliminary research, sensitivity and contamination studies, ExoSAP‐IT^® optimization, BigDye^® optimization, sequencing and 310 optimization, sample preparation and extraction optimization, heteroplasmy, mixtures, and reproducibility. All sections of the validation were successfully completed, and mtDNA processing of skeletal remains, teeth, and hairs, as well as blood and buccal reference samples was adopted by the OCME‐DNA Unit.