禁止体罚儿童的国际法律规定与国内法律实施——以家庭内体罚儿童为视角

普遍存在的体罚儿童现象随着国际社会对儿童权利的关注逐渐进入人们的视野,特别是家庭内部的儿童体罚问题也开始受到关注。近年来,禁止一切形式的儿童体罚的观念逐渐被越来越多的国家所接受。探析儿童体罚问题的原因和危害,从国际人权文件和我国国内法律体系中寻找家庭内部禁止体罚儿童的依据,以类型化分析的方法比较世界各国保护儿童的立法例及其进展,借鉴外国禁止体罚的立法实践,针对我国在禁止家庭内体罚儿童中存在的种种问题,提出若干改进方向,以求尽快达到禁止体罚儿童的国际人权法律标准、不断改善国内儿童权利保护状况十分必要。     

The decline of citizen participation in electoral politics in post-authoritarian Chile

Turnout among registered voters remains high in post-authoritarian Chile, but valid votes as a percentage of the voting-age population have fallen significantly in the post-authoritarian period and blank/null voting, non-registration, and abstention are on the rise. Why? This article tests three rival explanations: (1) lack of political support; (2) depoliticization; and (3) a generational shift in political culture. These theories are not mutually exclusive, but rather explain distinct contours of this electoral phenomenon. Compared to valid voters, blank/null voters exhibit less support for the political system, are less politicized, and more likely to have reached legal voting age during the democratic transition. Although non-registrants also exhibit less political support and are more depoliticized than valid voters, their behaviour is largely explained by a new political culture that stresses individual as opposed to collective participation. In addition to shedding light on this Chilean puzzle, the findings enhance the debates over electoral participation, mandatory voting, and quality of democracy in Latin America and other nascent democracies.     

接轨:挑战与机遇的来临——论加入《联合国反腐败公约》后中国刑事法制的自我调整

我国现行反腐败刑事法律制度与《联合国反腐败公约》存在一定的差距。从实体法方面看 ,该公约对诸多行为的犯罪化态度与我国现行刑法规定很不一致 ;从程序法以及证据方面 ,该公约提出的诸多要求 ,需要我国现行法律积极回应 ;从反腐败国际合作看 ,如何加强国际合作 ,创造稳定的国际合作机制 ,对于我国今后反腐败工作的开展具有重要意义。该公约所建立的诸多机制 ,为我国积极预防和遏制腐败犯罪提供了很大的机遇 ,同时也对我国现行刑事法制提出了挑战。如何根据我国实际与该公约的规定相衔接 ,是我国目前需要认真解决的一大课题。     

处理金融消费纠纷的新思路

我国目前处理金融消费纠纷的途径主要包括媒体途径、政治途径、诉讼途径和信访途径;这些途径存在很多不足之处。金融机构系统内部很少为消费者维权提供适当的途径,非诉讼的纠纷解决机制非常缺乏。而在国外,金融消费纠纷解决途径是多元并存的,非诉讼的争议解决途径占有重要地位。随着"消费者"的概念在金融领域内的延伸与兴起,我国有必要借鉴国外的先进经验,在金融法中引入"消费者"的概念,将保护金融消费者利益作为金融监管的第一目标以及我国金融改革和制度设计的指导原则之一,建立多元化的金融消费纠纷处理机制。     

传统国际私法连接点在互联网环境中所面临的挑战及其应对方略

互联网的全球性、跨国性和虚拟性的特性给传统国际私法连接点造成了冲击与影响,使传统的属地性连接点和属人性连接点在解决涉网民商事案件时陷入了困境.尽管如此,这并不意味着传统的连接点在网络空间不再予以适用:主观性连接点在互联网环境下一定程度上仍可以适用;属人性连接点在互联网环境下则意义不大;属地性连接点则应顺应互联网发展的特性加以"改良",对其进行重新界定并赋予它们在网络空间中新的生命力,增加网址作为网络环境下新的属地性连接点具有重要的现实意义.     

《九朝律考》“北优于南”说献疑

程树德先生在法史学的定鼎之作--<九朝律考>中反复表达了这样一个观点:在南北朝分裂之际,中原律学,衰于南而盛于北.此观点影响久远,目前通行的法史教材中基本上都在复述这一观点.在阅读<九朝律考>的基础上,献上三点心得:北魏律之优未能一以贯之;南朝诸律并非无所建树;北周律并非无善可陈.     

日本国际私法现代化的最新进展——从《法例》到《法律适用通则法》

《法律适用通则法》是日本为实现其国际私法立法现代化的目标而对《法例》进行修订的结果。《通则法》对《法例》的修订,不仅体现在立法名称和法律语言的现代化上,更体现在法律适用规则的现代化上。在法律适用方面,《通则法》主要对行为能力、后见开始的审判、失踪宣告、合同、侵权、无因管理、不当得利益以及债权转让等领域的法律适用规则进行了完善。《通则法》的制定对我国国际私法立法的完善有一定借鉴作用。     

美国涉外证券民事诉讼管辖权制度研究

文章以美国联邦证券法律体系中的涉外证券民事诉讼管辖权制度为对象,从管辖权的“法律基础”与“合理依据”两方面着手,重点论述了联邦证券法下的级别管辖、一般管辖问题。同时,对美国1971年《第二次冲突法重述》的相关规定及其在实践中遇到的问题进行了一定探讨。文章认为,对涉外证券立法严重滞后于相关实践的我国而言,美国在涉外证券管辖权方面的立法与实践,对我国相关制度的构建具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Authors’ Rights As An Instrument Of Control: An Overview Of The Ideas Of Authorship And Authors’ Rights In Socialist Yugoslavia,And How These Ideas Did Not Change To Reflect The Ideals Of The Socialist Revolution

The purpose of this paper is to show, using the example of socialist Yugoslavia, how and why authors’ rights laws were applied in a socialist regime relying on the same rhetoric of ownership and individualism that marked their use in the capitalist West. In this way, Yugoslav laws have served us as an excuse to examine the connection between rights guaranteed by the legal apparatus and a type of control over creative processes that these rights make possible. Since it is a fact that both single-party socialism and pluralist capitalism have employed the same concept of authors’ rights and authorship, it is our claim that the two systems have been and are equally interested in limiting creative freedom by means of property derived from authors’ rights. To the extent to which Yugoslav legislative, political, cultural, and ideological practice borrowed from the Soviet variety of socialism, we will consider examples from that tradition as well, treating it as the strictest incarnation of Marxism in Europe.