“We feel that our strength is on the factory floor”: Dualism,shop-floor power,and labor law reform in late apartheid South Africa

ABSTRACT

This article explores the transformation of South African labor relations during the 1980s. In 1979, prompted by new shop-floor militancy, the Wiehahn Commission recommended that black workers, previously excluded from state labor machinery, be permitted to join recognized trade unions. Most discussions of this shift in apartheid labor relations focus on the ensuing debate within the black unions, torn between preserving their independence or securing state legitimation. This article looks instead at the related debate about ‘levels of bargaining’: should emergent black unions demand to negotiate at the factory level, where they had secured shop-floor strength through organizing and democratic practice, or pursue the benefits of the corporatist bargaining structures that had long excluded them and had privileged white workers? The eventual drift towards corporatism, I argue, imprinted the character of the South African labor movement into the post-apartheid era. An understandable desire to wield influence at the level of the national political economy eroded the tradition of workers’ control, shop floor democracy, and struggle unionism that black unions had forged during the 1970s and 1980s.     

A nexus between labour movement and labour movement: the Knights of Labor and the financial side of global labour history

The rise of global and transnational labour history has revolutionised the study of working-class movements and individuals and the global forces that shaped them. Some of the more mundane considerations of these movements, however, have so far been neglected in this rapidly growing field. One of the most important of these considerations was money, or in other words the financial affairs of transnational movements such as trade unions and political parties. This article is a call to write the financial side of global labour history. It focuses on a global working-class movement that is itself often neglected in the historical literature, the Knights of Labor, and their outposts in Britain and Ireland. It examines the history of the British and Irish Knights through the prism of their financial history, so far as we can reconstruct it from the scanty sources that are available. This article argues that their financial ties with the United States and a series of embezzlement cases became major causes of their decline and, ultimately, their dissolution. Finally, this article draws conclusions from the financial misadventures of the British and Irish Knights of Labor that are relevant to the study of other international working-class movements and to the writing of global labour history in general.     

民族区域自治法规在云南的贯彻执行

云南民族区域自治地方对民族区域自治法规的贯彻执行体现在以下几个方面其一,在选举自治机关过程中贯彻执行民族区域自治法规;其二,自治机关的立法过程;其三,自治机关与上级国家机关协商、监督、贯彻执行民族区域自治法规;其四,民族自治地方的行政、司法机关的执法过程.云南贯彻执行民族区域自治法规已取得可喜的成就,但也存在一些有待改进的问题.     

论如何运用行政法之诚信原则改善政府信用现状

政府作为一个国家的权力机构和管理机构,其运行须遵从正式的法律、规范,且有一定的制度作为保障。行政法对行政权力的控制与平衡是改善政府信用的重要途径,而其中的诚信原则更突出了政府法治讲求诚信的重要意义。从行政法的角度探析如何运用行政法中的诚信原则来改善政府与民众之间的信任关系,提高政府信用度具有现实意义。     

“怪圈”启示录——论中国政治体制改革与法制建设

我国经历的数次机构改革始终在“精简—膨胀—再精简—再膨胀”的“怪圈”中徘徊。作者在总结“怪圈”形成的原因和运行规律的基础上,提出了当前进行的政治体制改革本身具有不可逆转性;改革实践由于各种利益严重冲突、各类矛盾相互交织而具有了艰巨性;改革的过程由于缺乏法制规范而具有了随意性和不彻底性。据此,作者得出结论,走出政府机构改革的“怪圈”,必须依靠法制的强制力和规范的程序,将政治体制改革纳入到法制的轨道上来,实行依法改革。     

美国构建彩票公信力的措施及其借鉴

我国彩票的公信力久为社会所诟病,多数论者认为根本症结在于彩票经营与监督合一的体制,即政府机构直接经营彩票并自我监督.然而,美国等发达国家与我国采取同样的体制,其彩票信誉却并未受损.事实上,奉行市场经济的美国之所以选择政府机构直接经营彩票的机制,目的之一正是为了防止彩票弊案的发生.这至少说明经营与监督合一的体制本身不是导致彩票弊案的主要因素.与美国相比较,我国彩票的真正不足在于法律制度的粗疏以及执行方面的随意性.保证我国彩票公信力的正确方向是学习美国严密细致的法律制度,并采取措施落实,而不是把重点放在体制改革上.     

现行出入境管理法律冲突问题研究——以法律条文为分析对象

现行出入境管理法律制度存在诸多冲突问题,主要表现为与国际法之间的冲突问题,与宪法、立法法、行政处罚法及刑法等法律之间的冲突问题,与行政许可法、行政复议法、行政诉讼法等法律之间的冲突问题及出入境管理法律制度相互之间的冲突问题。要解决这些冲突,完善立法是关键。     

严格履行宪法法律赋予职权公正审理涉外海事案件

广州海事法院自成立以来,严格履行宪法法律赋予职权,维护国家司法主权与海洋权益,依法公正行使审判权,高效化解涉外纠纷,不断加强对外宣传和司法公开,对在国际社会上逐步树立中国司法的良好形象发挥了有效作用.     

我国收入分配失衡的原因及其调节——以《资本论》关于资本运动的逻辑和方法为视角

《资本论》所揭示的价值规律、生产力发展规律等市场经济运行的一般规律,对今天我们建设中国特色社会主义仍然适用.《资本论》中关于资本运动的逻辑及其所揭示的社会经济发展的一般规律,对于合理调节我国目前收入分配失衡问题具有重要的指导意义.     

清代高级官员贪腐犯罪案件的审断

清代一、二品官员贪腐案件众多,涉案人员广泛,一、二品官员位高权重,因此对其审判科罚有严格规定。在错综复杂的案情及人为因素面前,法律规定变得非常模糊,甚至在一定情况下,法律会被弃置不用,而皇帝的态度及喜怒对案件的审判起着决定作用。