持有型犯罪的刑事政策分析

为消除持有型犯罪构成过于强化法益保护功能、削弱人权保障功能的潜在威胁 ,立法者应当慎重设置持有型犯罪构成 ,使持有型犯罪构成成为刑事立法的特例而非常例 ;应当反映持有型犯罪的特殊的不法、罪责内涵以及可罚性程度 ,考虑持有型犯罪的立法推定可能出错的特点 ,对持有型犯罪规定与适用可以纠错与救济的刑罚     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

论离婚经济补偿制度的重构

离婚经济补偿的内容揭示,分别财产制不是离婚经济补偿的必然产物,夫妻共同财产制并非当然排斥离婚经济补偿,用离因补偿代替离婚经济补偿不是立法最佳选择模式。修改完善现行离婚经济补偿规定,使其适应我国的具体生活实际,才是立法选择。     

THE DIFFERENTIAL RISK OF RETALIATION BY RELATIONAL DISTANCE: A MORE GENERAL MODEL OF VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION*

This research attempts to elaborate a routine activity model of violent victimization by incorporating an explicit rational choice perspective on potential targets’ decision making to avoid violent encounters. We propose that the costs associated with a violent attack and the probability of offender retaliation depend on whether the offender's targeting strategy is opportunistic or deliberate—a function of the relational distance between the offender and target. Specifically, we propose that victim efforts to limit exposure to an offender may motivate a violent retaliatory response when the victim and offender are intimates compared to when they are strangers. We develop hypotheses based on these ideas and test them using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1992–2000). The results suggest that female targets are more sensitive to an offender's targeting strategy than are males. We conclude with a discussion of how knowledge of the potential risk of violent retaliation on the part of intimate and spousal offenders can be used to create more efficacious policies to protect victims of violence.     

TESTING A RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL OF AIRLINE HIJACKINGS*

Using data that combines information from the Federal Aviation Administration, the RAND Corporation and a newly developed database on global terrorist activity, we are able to examine trends in 1,101 attempted aerial hijackings that occurred around the world from 1931 to 2003. We have especially complete information for 828 hijackings that occurred before 1986. Using a rational choice theoretical framework, we use continuous‐time survival analysis to estimate the impact of several major counterhijacking interventions on the hazard of differently motivated hijacking attempts and logistic regression analysis to model the predictors of successful hijackings. Some of these interventions use certainty‐based strategies of target hardening to reduce the perceived likelihood of success. Others focus on raising the perceived costs of hijacking by increasing the severity of punishment. We also assess which strategies were most effective in deterring hijackers whose major purpose was related to terrorism. We found support for the conclusion that new hijacking attempts were less likely to be undertaken when the certainty of apprehension was increased through metal detectors and law enforcement at passenger checkpoints. We also found that fewer hijackers attempted to divert airliners to Cuba once that country made it a crime to hijack flights. Our results support the contagion view that hijacking rates significantly increase after a series of hijackings closely clustered in time—but only when these attempts were successful. Finally, we found that the policy interventions examined here significantly decreased the likelihood of nonterrorist but not that of terrorist hijackings.     

中国城市化进程中的选择偏差与对策

二十一世纪是城市的世纪,也是我国城市化进程加快发展的世纪.然而,我国由于长期的计划经济和封建残余思想的影响,城市化的进程与历史的本来规律发生了一定的偏差.笔者论述了这些偏差并提出了相应的应对措施.     

改革语境中的民事执行权配置理论

由于权力性质界定与定位理论存在“剩余性范畴”和不确定法律概念的限制 ,民事执行权无论被定位为司法权还是行政权都不能决定民事执行权配置模式。民事执行权配置在法院对司法系统目的的正功能决定了该配置模式在我国的合理性和最优化。同时 ,司法最终性和法律至上理念也决定了法院配置模式与我国当前的社会公共选择相适应。     

论电子商务中消费者权利体系的构造

电子商务发展过程中出现的种种损害消费者权益的情形给现行消费者权益保护的立法和实践带来了严重挑战。如何保护电子商务中的消费者合法权益,增强消费者信心,促进我国网络经济的健康发展,成为当前人们面临的迫切问题。因此,通过立法手段确保网络消费者与传统消费者享有同样的权益保障,构建一套完整的网络消费者的权利体系是网络经济时代人们面临的紧迫任务。     

法律经济分析方法论的一个研究提纲

从法律经济分析的三种范式 (方法论的最基本层面 )切入 ,对法律经济分析方法这一重要理论问题予以讨论 ,并在讨论三种分析范式的基础上 ,作为补充 ,说明了法学中的一般方法论在法律经济分析中的特殊意指。     

走出福利法治国的困境

西方福利法治国尽管在一定程度上促进了经济增长、社会和谐和政治稳定,但同时也带来了一系列的“福利病”,如不经济性、庞大的政府机构和如牛负重的财政压力等等,并最终导致了福利国危机甚或宪政危机的全面爆发。在“福利国”的反思浪潮中,诺齐克的“最弱意义国家”对抗着罗尔斯的“差别原则”,布坎南的“公共选择理论”回应着马斯格雷夫的“公共财政”学说,但问题的真正破解似乎必须回归自由主义传统,实现税权的有效规范与控制。