Risk Factors Associated with the Chronicity of High Potential for Child Abuse and Neglect

The present 4-year follow-up study involves 56 mothers who were evaluated by social agencies as being abusive and neglectful or at high risk for child abuse and neglect. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between psychosocial risk factors (relating to the history and current situation of the mothers) that were present at the time the families were initially recruited and the fact that some of the mothers continue to show a high potential for child abuse and neglect (chronic abuse and neglect), whereas others were able to overcome the problem (transitory abuse and neglect). Results indicate that the following variables are particularly associated with situations involving chronic problems of abuse and neglect: initial level of severity of potential for abuse and neglect; dual-parent status; a large number of children at the time of intervention (3.13 times more risk of chronicity for large families); the fact that as a child the mother herself had been placed in a foster home (3.7 times more risk); that she had been sexually abused (3.5 times more risk); and that as an adolescent she had run away from home (3.02 times more risk). Our results indicate that mothers who have a combination of more than eight risk factors are four times more likely to be in the chronic group.     

劳动法与小企业的优惠待遇

目前我国劳动合同法和其他劳动立法统一适用于所有企业和个体工商户的做法值得商榷。应充分考虑小企业和个体工商户的自身特点、特殊要求以及劳动法的实施状况，对它们在劳动法上实行一定的优惠待遇。境外的一些国家和地区包括美国、德国、韩国、日本以及我国台湾的劳动法都对小企业实行一定的豁免或差别待遇。借鉴境外的经验，根据我国的具体情况，可以对个体工商户、独资企业、合伙企业以及股份合作企业在劳动合同解除、劳动规章制定、社会保险方面实行一定的优惠待遇，以减少小企业的负担，扶持小企业的发展，并促进劳动法的真正实施。     

滥用职权罪的立法价值及相关问题思考

新刑法滥用职权罪的增设,能够更好地保障公民权利的实现,进一步抑制腐败的滋生,在一定程度上加快了中国社会的法治建设进程。但理论界和实务界对该罪的具体认定问题颇有争议。对该罪主体和主观要件以及对刑法第三百九十七条第二款的理解等问题进行探讨,有利于正确把握刑法的实质,指导刑事司法实践。     

预防与处置群体性事件中的警察公共关系

群体性事件的形成与发展是一定的政治、经济、文化等多种社会矛盾的综合反映。警察作为维护社会安定的重要力量,加强对警察公共关系的研究是公安机关更好地预防和处置群体性事件的迫切需要。警察在预防和处置群体性事件中扮演维护社会秩序、保证公共安全的的角色,运用警察公共关系化解社会矛盾是可行的,开展警务公关的具体措施包括:牢固树立舆情观念和公关意识、严密舆情控制、及时开展应对公关及必要时现场喊话公关等。     

从刑法理论看医疗行为的正当性根据

医疗行为从表面看似乎给人体造成一定伤害 ,但其主观目的在于治病救人 ,客观上有利于患者和社会 ,因此具有正当性。但医疗行为的正当性具有严格的条件限制。本文根据允许的危险、受害人承诺、义务冲突等刑法理论 ,对医疗行为的正当性根据作了进一步探讨。     

Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Initial Test of a Conceptual Model

Childhood sexual abuse has been associated with HIV transmission risk behavior in men who have sex with men. This study examined an adapted model that was originally developed to explain the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and HIV risk behavior among women in a sample of men who have sex with men. Men attending a large gay pride event (n=647) completed anonymous surveys that assessed demographic characteristics, childhood sexual abuse, symptoms of dissociation, trauma-related anxiety, borderline personality characteristics, hopelessness, substance use, and sexual risk behavior. A latent variable partial least squares analysis was conducted to test the interrelationships between childhood sexual abuse, exchanging sex for money or drugs, emotional disturbances, drug use, substance use in the context of sexual behavior, and sexual risk behavior. The model fit the data well and accounted for 10% of the total variance in sexual risk behavior. History of childhood sexual abuse predicted exchanging sex for money or drugs and this relationship was partly accounted for by active drug use. Substance use proximal to sexual behavior also emerged as a key factor in predicting sexual risk behavior. Findings from this study, therefore, indicate a direct association between history of child sexual abuse and high risk for HIV infection related to engaging in sex trade.     

当前金融抢劫犯罪的新动向及打防对策

金融抢劫当前向暴力化、职业化、智能化发展,这与金融部门防范疏漏、抢支弹药管理不善、社会消极因素的诱使有必然联系;侦防金融抢劫必须做好案发前期工作、运用多种手段、强化基础工作、强化防范工作,提高刑侦队伍应付此类犯罪的能力。     

医疗事故罪中医疗行为的法律界定

本文在研究了我国台湾地区和日本刑法中的医疗行为后,认为我国刑法中医疗事故罪中的医疗行为是指对疾病的诊断、治疗、堕胎等以医学知识与医学技术为行为的准则,直接作用于人体,导致人体的形态和/或功能发生一定变化或恢复的医学行为的总称。     

Continuities in marital violence

Marital violence studies of clinical populations of battered women indicate that, over time, violence becomes an habitual strategy for resolving conflicts resulting in escalation in frequency and severity of violence. This study examines the issue of continuity of marital violence among a national probability sample of female victims and male offenders. Findings indicate that among the general population, approximately one-half of all marital violence is suspended over a three-year period. Predictors of marital violence continuity were also investigated in an exploratory way.     

Sex differences in the experience of child sexual victimization

This study analyzed 390 (303 girls and 87 boys) cases of child sexual abuse to understand sex differences in child sexual victimization. Analyses focused on three domains that have received considerable empirical attention: victims' relationships with the offender, type and extent of abuse, and disclosure. Findings largely replicated previous efforts that reported sex differences in terms of victims' relationships with offenders. Although results also replicated previous findings about sex differences in disclosure patterns, these sex differences were minor in comparison with similarities in the way most instances of abuse were eventually identified. In terms of type and extent of abuse, results were the opposite of previous findings: girls, not boys, were the victims of more physical injury, violent threats, and use of force; and girls, not boys, were more likely to have physically resisted abuse. Divergences in findings were interpreted in terms of memory biases and social forces operating differently on the sexes.