信息经济学视角下的商标制度

为克服信息不对称对交易的负面影响,人们采取了信息、信誉与法律三种应对机制。无论何种机制,其作用的充分发挥都有赖于法律制度的有效保障。在信息经济学语境下,商标的功能就在于标示和区分商品出处,在降低信息成本的同时,激励企业保证商品质量,但激励不等于义务,企业并不因为使用商标而承担额外的品质保证义务。而商标法则通过规定商标确权条件、制止混淆和淡化,确保市场上商标的相互区分,为信息与信誉机制的建立和运行提供法律保障。尽管如此,离开相关法律的协同作用,商标法也难以有效运行。这就决定了只有合理划分商标法与相关法律的调整对象与适用边界,才能完善我国商标法乃至整个市场法制。     

信用报告制度的完善及身份窃取行为的预防

随着信息手段的多样化、客户使用电子支付方式的规模化,客户身份被窃取的事件也屡屡不断地发生。在电子商务过程中获得客户身份的企业,如何正当使用身份信息,在我国急待立法加以调整。我们应借鉴美国信用报告制度,加强我国客户身份信息保护。     

不完全信息下大学生就业困境与就业知情权保障

信息的充分传递是市场资源高效配置的前提。就业市场上大学生就业信息的不完全,影响了大学生理性的进行学科选择和职业规划,导致高等教育人才供需双方不能有效衔接。知情权保障是解决主体信息不完全问题的唯一路径。我国应在立法上明确大学生就业知情权的内容,并通过政府的市场就业信息收集供给、高校就业信息服务、用人单位就业信息告知等,落实大学生就业的知情权。     

中国证监会信息监管的法律反思

证监会作为证券市场最直接、最权威的管理者,在我国证券市场的信息披露监管方面取得了一定成效,但在审核效率、执法手段、处罚措施等方面仍存在许多问题。本文通过对证监会信息监管存在的问题进行分析,并就如何完善信息披露监管提出了相关的建议。     

法医物证DNA自动化检验技术体系的研究

目的建立自动化工作站同步提取不同种类涉案法医生物检材DNA的新方法。方法选用TECAN Freedom EVO100．4、75—2型自动化提取、加样工作站,采用磁珠法及Chelex-100法对各类涉案生物检材进行DNA提取、PCR扩增、毛细管电泳检测其STR分型,进行比较测试。在“全国公安机关DNA数据库应用系统”中建立并应用实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）模拟实施规范化DNA检案。结果1552份各类检材,采用工作站-磁珠法提取DNA效果最佳,STR检测成功率为95％,工作站-Chelex法为88％;二者分别与其手工提取法比较,成功率无明显差异。92个样本同期检测,自动化工作站较手工操作DNA检案时间可缩减1．25倍。结论工作站域珠法提取涉案检材DNA,可获得满意的STR分型结果。应用LIMS管控,可有效防控污染,明显提高检案效率及鉴定质量。     

论政府信息公开诉讼中的证明责任

政府信息公开诉讼与普通行政诉讼在证明责任上存在重要差别,现有的行政诉讼证明责任分配规则不足以完全解决其中的问题。其中,认定政府信息属于国家秘密的证明责任,依申请公开中关于申请条件的证明责任,信息不存在的证明责任,以数据电文形式提出申请的证明责任,都需要在现有证明规则的基础上进一步明确。     

Secrecy and Self-Interest: When Mediators Act Deceitfully

3rd party intervention in interstate conflict is a common strategy for mitigating conflict and obtaining a final agreement. However, not all mediations are successful, leading to the development of a rich literature on the mechanisms which decrease the probability of failure in a 3rd-party intervention. Within this literature, some studies examine how a mediator’ behavior and incentives affect the result of the mediation. Virtually all these studies assume that the mediator is virtuous such that peace is the most desired outcome of a conflict for her. However, this study challenges this assumption and contends that a mediator can gain benefit from the conflict between disputants. If this benefit is adequately large to overcome the benefits of peace, then the mediator has enough incentive not to conduct the mediation toward a peaceful outcome. We develop a signaling game model to study this issue formally and test the proposed hypothesis empirically.     

First‐Hand Experience and Second‐Hand Information: Changing Trust across Three Levels of Government

Little is known about how different sources of information drive citizen trust in government. To address that gap this article compares disaster evacuees to observers, noting how trust differs as attention to media coverage increases. First‐hand experience supplies information to update trust through biological and personal processes and performance assessments, while secondary sources provide information about other people's experiences, filtered through lenses that take an active role in crafting information. These two types of information have varying effects depending on the level of government being trusted. Using surveys administered a year after Hurricane Katrina, I find that Katrina evacuees have the highest trust in federal government, until they start paying attention to media coverage, and that attention to coverage has the most dramatic effect on these evacuees compared to all other groups. I also find that increasing attention to second‐hand information corresponds with higher trust in local officials, and that this effect decreases as the level of government increases. It appears media coverage creates a comparison in the mind of hurricane evacuees, causing them to update their performance assessments based on comparing their own experience to that which they observe, thereby updating their political trust.     

APP主体的立法规制

A PP相关主体规范与否直接关乎数据信息安全,关涉公民合法权益和社会公益.基于个人信息保护的不断发展,APP信息泄露问题逐渐显露出来.本文认为,应结合现有的个人信息保护立法,通过完善A PP实名制度,构建A PP相关主体备案制度,实施数据信息市场主体准入制度和第三方参与数据收集制度,以加强对个人数据信息的保护.     

政府应对公共危机的“危机”——以北京“病猪肉”谣言短信事件为例

谣言短信危机是信息社会中一种新型的公共危机。其显著特点是新传媒参与公共事件，这对于新时期政府能力和公信力提出了挑战。“病猪肉”谣言短信事件作为典型案例。暴露出政府危机管理中信息获取能力和危机公关意识薄弱、公共信息发布机制缺失以及政府公信力走低。因此，建立“公众本位”的信息收集发布机制、信息发布的法律规范体系和现代服务型政府的危机应对模式是政府应对此类危机的重要议题。