9个犬STR基因座在犬类鉴定中的应用

目的建立犬的复合扩增体系对犬进行个体识别和亲权鉴定。方法用建立的犬复合扩增体系进行PCR反应,用ABI310型遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测。结果鉴定结果表明,9个犬STR基因座复合扩增体系,各个基因座扩增平衡,结果稳定。结论9个犬STR基因座复合扩增体系可以进行犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

“哀其不幸,怒其不争”新读——以农民工媒介形象为例

媒介歧视现象破坏了媒体客观、公正的报道原则,给大众造成了认知上的混乱。农民工的产生为社会提供了大量的媒介资源和新闻源。大众传媒作为社会系统的一个子系统怎样应对值得深思:它既可以产生出以人文关怀为主的大众传媒的新语境,也可能由于某种利益的驱使,出现标签化、概念化污名化的现象。如何确立和保持人的尊严?如何寻找失落的自我?无论怎样,人的关怀都应是一个现代社会的基本品格。为了社会的安定和谐,为了全民素质的提高,亦为了利益最大化的实现,媒介有不可推卸的责任,我们应当对此作出理性选择。     

THE GOODS AND SERVICES DIRECTIVE: LIMITATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

The Goods and Services Directive adopted in December 2004 is the very first European Community instrument to implement the principle of gender equality outside the workplace. As such it has the potential to close an important gap in European Union law. This note, however, contends that the limited scope of application of the Directive, together with doubts surrounding its legal base and position within the overall gender equality framework of the Union, have significantly undermined its potential. Nevertheless, it is suggested that for the future, should these criticisms be adequately addressed, then the Directive may provide an important platform for the wider diffusion of the gender equality principle beyond the sphere of European employment law. Council Directive 2004/113/EC of 13 December 2004 implementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services OJ L373 (2004) 37     

“警察”，“公安”与“治安”概念辨析

"警察"与"公安"是既有联系又有区别的两个概念."警察"概念,既可以作名词用,又可以作动词用,指国家或政府中负责社会治安行政管理和刑事执法职能的专门机构、人员力量及其职务行为或实践活动过程."公安"概念是一个状态名词,指"公共安全"或"公共安宁",表示社会秩序安宁的状态."公安"概念如果不加"人员"、"队伍"、"机关"、"工作"等主语词,就很难说是指"警察".从现代社会治安实践与理论发展的趋势和要求看,我们必须在广义和狭义两个层面上使用"治安"概念.我们在使用"警察"、"公安"与"治安"概念时,必须根据具体语言环境正确处理好科学规范与使用习惯的关系.     

Fighting Housing Discrimination in Europe

ABSTRACT

There is no exact European equivalent to the U.S. Fair Housing Act. The member states of the European Union (EU) have transposed into law the EU Racial Equality Directive of 2000 that prohibits discrimination in, among other things, access to the supply of goods and services, including housing, on the basis of race. Most housing discrimination case law so far comes from nonbinding decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and European Committee of Social Rights under the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. This article explains how the European context of discrimination and segregation differs from the American, reviews the major legal conventions establishing equal rights in housing, protected classes, and key precedents. It discusses how mixing policies in social housing are the primary mechanism to reduce residential segregation in Europe. The special case of extreme discrimination against the Roma is presented, before concluding with some comparative observations.     

歧视知觉对社区矫正对象社会疏离的影响机制研究——基于身份认同整合和社会支持的中介效应

社区矫正对象的社会疏离关乎个体发展和社会稳定，是推进平安中国建设的重 要内容。基于2019年S市社区矫正对象的调查数据，从身份认同整合和社会支持视角，探究歧视知觉对社区矫正对象社会疏离的影响机制。研究发现，歧视知觉对社区矫正对象的社会疏离既存在直接影响，也通过身份认同整合和社会支持两个中介变量产生间接影响。身份认同整合和社会支持在歧视知觉与社会疏离之间起到自我转化和外在保护的作用。因此，在外在歧视无法完全消除之下，为了缓解社区矫正对象的社会疏离，应注重提升个体的自我身份认同整合，增强社区矫正对象的有益支持，从而促进其顺利回归社会。     

Yesterday's war; tomorrow's technology: peer commentary on ‘Ethical,legal, social and policy issues in the use of genomic technologies by the US military’

A recent article by Maxwell J. Mehlman and Tracy Yeheng Li, in the Journal of Law and the Biosciences, sought to examine the ethical, legal, social, and policy issues associated with the use of genetic screening and germ-line therapies (‘genomic technologies’) by the US Military. In this commentary, we will elaborate several related matters: the relationship between genetic and non-genetic screening methods, the history of selection processes and force strength, and the consequences and ethics of, as Mehlman and Li suggest, engineering enhanced soldiers. We contend, first, that the strengths of genomic testing as a method of determining enrollment in the armed forces has limited appeal, given the state of current selection methods in the US armed forces. Second, that the vagaries of genetic selection, much like other forms of selection that do not bear causally or reliably on soldier performance (such as race, gender, and sexuality), pose a systematic threat to force strength by limiting the (valuable) diversity of combat units. Third, that the idea of enhancing warfighters through germ-line interventions poses serious ethical issues in terms of the control and ownership of ‘enhancements’ when members separate from service.     

The problems of liminal states,line drawing,and false dichotomies

This commentary focuses on the tenuous line between health and disease and the conflicting characterizations of genetic predisposition that sometimes place it on one side of that line, and sometimes on the other. For example, GINA uses the line between health and disease to distinguish between, respectively, the healthy (including, those with genetic predispositions), who are shielded from discrimination, and those with ‘manifested illness,’ who are not. At the same time, some have argued that the Americans with Disabilities Act protects individuals with genetic predispositions, relying on a label akin to disability, as opposed to health, to characterize this group. Similarly, courts have described genetic predisposition as a disease of sorts to justify insurance payment for medical intervention. Attempts to fit genetic predisposition neatly into the binary world of health or illness can be problematic because this dichotomy doesn''t capture the complex continuum between those states. Some individuals reside in yet another ‘liminal’ state when they develop mild symptoms or biomarkers, placing them somewhere between genetic predisposition and actual disease manifestation. As a result, they may be unprotected under existing frameworks. Liminal states are therefore problematic not only with respect to insurance reimbursement, but in other areas as well.     

反就业歧视的法律思考

作为国际社会的重要成员,我国批准、加入了一系列禁止歧视的国际公约,但由于种种原因,就业歧视已成为我国当前一个突出的社会问题。解决这一问题,除了传统观念的更新、相关制度的变革外,主要还得从法律制度上着手,借鉴国际反歧视立法之成功经验,构建适合中国国情的反就业歧视法律制度。