技术侦查概念辨析

技术侦查是指侦查机关为侦查特定犯罪案件的需要,经过严格的审批手续,通过特定的技术设备或高科技手段,秘密获取与犯罪有关的情报信息与犯罪证据的一种特殊的侦查行为。其具有法律上的程序性、应用上的秘密性、实践上的特定性、时间上的顺延性、证据上的客观性、主观上的强制性和专业上的技术性等特征,与侦查技术、秘密侦查、技术侦察及特殊侦察等手段在行为实施主体、工作任务、工作范围、具体分类、规范表达、法律界定等方面具有明显的差别。     

Why weren't (many) European women ‘missing’?

In a 1990 article, Amartya Sen observed “More than 100million Women … Missing” from the populations of parts of south and east Asia. Direct observation and census data suggested that gender ratios deviated sufficiently from what is known to be normal in modern human populations to suggest that the phenomenon was not random. Researchers have explored major proximate causes of “missing” girls and women such as female-selective abortion, routine neglect of young girls in their families including differential access to modern medical care, and even infanticide. This article uses Sen's work and the research of others on Asia to compare with evidence of the disadvantaging or even “mortal neglect” of girls and women in Western European society in the early modern and modern periods — roughly from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. It argues that the current state of the evidence suggests little support for similar gender-specific forms of mortal neglect in Western Europe. It explores why this may have been so, using evidence from economic, social, demographic and religious life.     

Beyond Formal Equality: Closing the Gender Gap in a Changing Labour Market – A Study of Legislative Solutions Adopted in Canada

This article looks at the position of women in the Canadian labour market and at the legislative measures adopted to address their segregation in terms of occupation, wages and working conditions. Federal and provincial legislators have, with relative success, attempted through a series of measures to respond directly to the issue of discrimination against women in the workplace and in the labour market. They have, however, remained relatively insensitive to other factors that make the situation of working women precarious, such as the rise of ‘non-standard’ work. These inequalities are not peculiar to Canada and legislative responses to these questions vary according to specific national realities and legal traditions. A study of the legislative evolution in Canada serves to illustrate some of the challenges faced to redress this gender gap.     

《就业促进法》语境下的女大学生就业促进之思考——以龙岩学院为例

女大学生就业难是近几年我国高校普遍面临的社会问题,随着全国招生规模的扩大,这个问题越来越突出,日益受到社会的关注。经济因素、社会因素、教育因素和个体因素导致了女大学生的就业难题。为破解这一难题,政府、社会、学校和女大学生自身都必须付出努力,形成四位一体的促进女大学生平等就业的良好机制和氛围。     

利用红外显微镜无损检测圆珠笔油墨色痕的研究

在这个研究中,红外显微镜聚焦功能得到了充分验证。该研究采用的检测方法是通过红外显微镜将红外光斑直接聚焦在样品表面,采集其红外光谱。根据样品红外吸收峰的个数、位置、强度及形状进行定性分析,以达到区分相同颜色不同品牌的圆珠笔油墨色痕的研究目的。研究结果表明,采用的检测方法可有效区分相同颜色不同品牌的圆珠笔油墨色痕。而且该检测方法具有无损检测特点,保持了物证的原样性。     

When Identifying Health Disparities as a Problem Is a Problem: Pedagogical Strategies for Examining Racialized Contexts

The current study presents a critical discussion on community responses to health disparity research and the need for utilizing pedagogical strategies to prepare students to understand and address health disparities in racialized contexts. Qualitative research methods were used to examine community responses to media stories on two health disparity research projects, and four themes emerged: naming health disparities is a tool for dividing, structural racism does not exist, naming of health disparities is a political act, and health disparities exist because of individual-level deficiencies. The implications for teaching students about racial health disparities are presented and discussed.     

Intrauterine exposure to environmental toxins: The significance of subtle behavioral effects

Abstract

Recently, there has been an increase in interest in subtle effects associated with exposure to environmental toxins. One methodological problem in research in this area involves assessment of degree of contamination when exposure occurs at low and moderate levels. A second problem lies in determining the clinical or practical significance of subtle toxic effects when they are observed. Both these issues are illustrated by the case of polychlorinated bi‐phenyls (PCBs), a family of environmental toxins found in moderate concentrations in humans who consume Lake Michigan sports fish. Two hundred forty‐two newborns whose mothers had consumed these fish and 71 newborns whose mothers had abstained were examined in the immediate post‐partum period. Degree of exposure was measured by both maternal contaminated fish consumption and cord serum PCB level. An examination of the data suggests that, at the levels of exposure found in this sample, a maternal report may in some instances be more sensitive and reliable than a biochemical analysis. While statistically significant effects on birth size, gestational age, and neonatal behavior were observed, the clinical significance of these effects is not yet known since none of the exposed infants weighed less than 1500 g and criteria for newborn behavioral adequacy have not been established. However, research on other toxic substances suggests that subtle neonatal deficits frequently signal the existence of an ongoing toxic process with clinically significant implications for later development.     

Comment on Harvey Jacobs' “Social conflict over property rights: the end,a new beginning,or a continuing debate?”

Jacobs draws on history, law, politics, and policy to examine the development and response of the private property movement and the social conflict over property rights and public planning. This comment suggests that the debate be broadened beyond the advocates of property rights and planning to include the interests of other members of the community, including minority and low-income households who are often affected by the outcomes. Otherwise, property will continue to be used to exclude people from democracy, rather than include them.     

Beyond East–West: Marginality and National Dignity in Finnish Identity Construction

The popular, stereotype perception of Russian anti-Semitism is marred by a number of misconceptions. It is generally believed that it originated among the peasants, partly as a result of religious bigotry and partly as a reaction against an alleged Jewish exploitation. In actual fact, pogroms almost invariably started in towns and cities, and the main instigators were artisans and merchants and other people who plied the same trade as the Jews, later also professionals such as lawyers. Hence, economic competition rather than exploitation was the most important driving force. This is reflected in the writings of Russian anti-Semites and is also how most contemporary Jews understood their causes behind their ordeals. The Jews could be targeted for persecution because they were a diaspora group and did not enjoy the same protection as the indigenous population. Thus, even though the tsarist regime can be cleared of any suspicion that they deliberately whipped up the pogroms, they contributed to them by failing to give the Jews the same rights as other subjects of the empire.