POLICE DISRESPECT TOWARD THE PUBLIC: AN ENCOUNTER‐BASED ANALYSIS*

We use observations of police encounters with 3,130 suspects in Indianapolis and St. Petersburg to estimate three influences on police disrespect: how suspects behave, their personal characteristics, and the location of the encounter. Logistic regression models show that suspects' behaviors were the most powerful predictors, but the suspect's sex, age, income, and degree of neighborhood disadvantage were also significant. Minority suspects experienced disrespect less often than whites (statistically significant in the hierarchical analysis controlling for degree of neighborhood disadvantage). These effects are concentrated in St. Petersburg, where the chief had made the suppression of police abuses a visible priority. The findings offer partial confirmation of Donald Black's theory of law.     

Effects of Partner Violence and Physical Child Abuse on Child Behavior: A Study of Abused and Comparison Children

This study tests a model of the effects on child behavioral outcome of the child's exposure to partner violence and child abuse, in children who have experienced the two forms of victimization either separately or together. Recognizing that family contextual factors play an important role in influencing child outcome, an ecological model is proposed that designates family stress as the principal exogenous factor, with effects on child outcome mediated through caretaker distress, partner violence, and child abuse. The sample consists of 100 confirmed cases of physically abused New York City schoolchildren, ages 9 to 12 years, and their families, and 100 nonmaltreated classmates, matched for gender, age, and, as closely as possible, for race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, and their families. Child behavioral outcome is assessed by classmates for antisocial, prosocial, and withdrawn behavior and by parents and teachers for externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that partner violence and caretaker distress, both associated with family stress, increase the risk for child abuse and thereby raise the child's risk for poor outcome. Implications of differences among raters for the model's applicability, and implications of the results for clinical intervention, are discussed.     

生物学视野中的个体社会化

作为个体生命成长和参与社会进程的基础的物质性存在的生物及生物学因素，在社会化进程中，始终是一个积极地参与和建设，并且在一定的时期和场合发挥着关键的作用。在一定意义上，生物进化本身也是与社会的、化的因素交错关联的，在这种互动的过程中对个体的社会行为、人知和人格形成产生重要的作用。     

裁判规范还是行为规范——对滥用职权罪的功能性考察

刑法规范具有行为规范和裁判规范的功能。滥用职权罪应以行为规范功能为先,以“重大损失”作为构成要件限制了其行为规范功能;司法上的扩张解释虽然有助于实现该功能,却又危及罪刑法定原则。滥用职权罪之行为规范立足于规范的实质根据和价值取向,构造为义务规范,旨在保障职权的安全行使。立法和司法工作应当遵循行为规范功能,强化义务意识,预防优先。     

浅论公益性社会中介组织的行为约束

公益性社会中介组织的公共责任机制在目前的中国存在严重的制度缺失。考虑到制度缺失的完善是需要一个过程的,因此,内部的“自律”就自然地成了构建公益性社会中介组织责任机制的核心。     

对改进现场勘查课教学的几点思考

现场勘查是侦查程序中的一项重要侦查行为,现场勘查课在整个刑事侦查学课程体系中具有举足轻重的作用。现场勘查课教学方法的实施与能否培养出全面发展的高素质人才密切相关。文章论述了目前现场勘查课教学实施过程中存在的弊端,并提出现场勘查课应当注重知识、技能和能力的协调发展,要善于培养学生的非智力因素,并提出体现上述教学特点的具体实施方法。     

论对公安机关刑事侦查行为的司法控制

公安刑事侦查行为不受法院司法审查的制度存在两个弊端:一是人民检察院监督不力,二是刑事侦查行为与行政行为的界限模糊,为公安机关逃避司法审查提供借口。要从根本上解决这个问题,应当在刑事侦查行为中引入司法审查制度,人民法院的司法审查应全面体现在侦查活动的整个过程中。     

乙醇相关问题的综合探讨

本文探讨了乙醇的体内过程、乙醇造成的疾病及行为异常、酒后驾车以及血液中酒精浓度的检测方法等相关的热点和难点问题 ,提出了可供参考的观点和意见。     

Crime and Philanthropy: Prosocial and Antisocial Responses to Mass Shootings

ABSTRACT

Mass shootings have a strong impact on public discourse and perception, affecting more than their direct victims. We use data on charitable contributions and criminal activity in the U.S. over the last decade to identify and quantify the effect of mass shootings on prosocial and antisocial behavior. We find that the effect of mass shootings on prosocial behavior, measured primarily by monetary contributions, is positive and statistically significant. However, the directly affected localities react to mass shootings differently than their neighboring communities, decreasing their charitable contributions. Additionally, we are unable to find a statistically significant effect of mass shootings on antisocial behavior, as measured by various crime rates. Furthermore, we show that mass shootings are different than any other type of criminal behavior, including all other violent offenses, in terms of its effect on prosocial behavior.     

机动车损害赔偿归责原则之变动——基于“中国式过马路”行为展开

我国《道路交通安全法》对机动车一方、行人等交通参与者的安全注意义务都给予了明确规定.然而,“中国式过马路”行为模式的产生给该法律中规定的机动车损害赔偿归责原则带来了巨大挑战.为了体现法律的公平理念,机动车损害赔偿领域应构建无过错责任原则和过错责任原则并存的归责原则体系,即在机动车第三者责任强制保险的责任限额范围内实行无过错责任原则,在保险责任限额范围外采取过错责任.