Warning behaviors and leaked intent: Potential new avenues to prevent mass shootings

On March 12, 2018, John Laubscher, owner of AJ’s Archery in Nelson, NY, had a gut feeling and refused to sell a rifle to a Syracuse University student—disrupting a mass shooting ( https://www.syracuse.com/crime/2018/04/how_gun_shop_owner_thwarted_on_the_edge_su_student_from_buying_high-capacity_rif.html . Accessed 10 Nov 2021). Prompted by this, we surveyed the opinions, beliefs, attitudes, and current practices of gun sellers in Onondaga County, NY, in regard to safe gun sales. The primary outcome was to determine which types of “concerning behaviors” are more likely to cause a seller to intervene in some manner. Secondary outcomes included the following: ascertaining the frequency of denials of customer purchases, frequency of reporting to law enforcement, and identifying any gaps that make it difficult for gun sellers to report behaviors to the authorities. Follow-up interviews were conducted with those who were willing to speak with the authors in more depth. A response rate of 12.9% was achieved. Sixty-two percent (62.5%) of respondents had some experience in uniformed services, with specialized training in mental or emotional crises, as well as deception detection. The majority found the training helpful in their gun selling career. Reasons for personal denials were reported as: “interest in illegal fittings,” “information revealed during conversation,” and “lack of basic knowledge of using the firearm looking to purchase.” Two respondents stated that due to a lack of a “reporting protocol,” they would not report any concerns to law enforcement. The study helps inform future research in regard to surveying more sellers across NY state and nationwide.     

Prevalence of probable attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in inmates and its relationship with recidivism

The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of probable attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prisoners and to assess the relationship between ADHD and recidivism. We studied 356 inmates, who were evaluated using the Wender Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Type of crime and other crime-related data were compared between inmates with and without ADHD. The group with probable ADHD had a higher average number of convictions compared to the group without ADHD. The probable ADHD group also demonstrated higher incidence of extortion crime, drug trade, disciplinary action at school, and military service than the group without ADHD. Linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of probable ADHD was effective on the number of convictions. The findings of our study support that the presence of probable ADHD carries a potential risk of being prone to certain crimes and demonstrate a correlation between the presence of probable ADHD and early involvement in crime and the number of convictions.     

非营利组织营利活动及其收入的税法规制——制度比较分析的视角

本文通过中外理论及法律法规比较,揭示了非营利组织的基本特征,即非营利组织是具有组织性、非利润分配性、民间性、自治性和志愿性的组织。同时,为了扩大收入来源,保证非营利组织的可持续发展,国家应在附加有关限制条件的基础上,允许非营利组织开展营利活动。与此同时,需采用不同标准划分非营利组织营利收入的来源和用途,针对不同类型的收入设计不同的税收优惠政策,从而达到鼓励社会力量兴办公益事业、促进市场公平竞争的目的。     

关怀型伦理环境对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响 —— 基于医药企业的调查

工作场所中的员工亲组织非伦理行为违背了社会伦理准则,但其亲组织性却可以促进组织获取利益,综合而言,该行为兼具了利己与利他动机。基于情感事件理论框架,构建以情感承诺为中介,以积极情绪为调节的中介模型,检验关怀型伦理环境对员工亲组织非伦理行为影响的内在机制。收集来自北京和哈尔滨6家医药企业的调研数据,运用多层次线性回归分析和验证性因素分析法进行实证分析。研究结果表明,关怀型伦理环境对员工的亲组织非伦理行为具有显著的正向影响;情感承诺在关怀型伦理环境与亲组织非伦理行为的关系中发挥部分中介作用;积极情绪在关怀型伦理环境与情感承诺的关系中发挥正向调节作用;积极情绪在情感承诺与亲组织非伦理行为的关系中发挥正向调节作用。     

日本传统礼仪的中国渊源

日本吸收中国文化养分的历史源远流长,中国文化核心"礼"的内容也随着文化交流浪潮大量涌入日本。文章通过探讨日本传统礼仪中中国经典礼仪思想及礼仪行为的吸收情况,考察中国对日本传统礼仪的影响作用。首先探讨日本吸收中国礼仪文化的历史轨迹,以期明确中国对日本传统礼仪产生影响的宏观历程,进而使用理论探讨与实证研究相结合的方法,通过考察经典礼仪书中日本吸收中国礼仪思想和礼仪行为两个方面的论证加以论述,得出了日本传统礼仪在礼仪源流、礼仪理论、礼仪实践三个方面均受中华礼仪深刻影响的结论。     

简论行为学科的基本问题

行为学科的研究,最基本的问题是行为的主观性与客观性的关系问题。作为行为主体,在作出行为选择时,其主观性一般表现为必然性、完善性、至上性,而其客观性则表现为或然性、残缺性、非至上性,正是这一矛盾形成了主体行为过程的复杂性和不确定性。主观性的存在与作用极大地限制了每个主体行为的实际过程与具体效果。在市场竞争中,每个主体都在努力使自己行为的主观性接近于客观性,努力达到科学行为、科学发展。     

竞技体育暴力行为之刑法介入

目前，竞技体育领域强调行业自治，排斥刑法介入，致使体育暴力行为日益猖獗。刑法应当介入竞技体育暴力行为，这符合刑法谦抑性的要求、社会公众的要求以及国外司法实践的作法。刑法介入竞技体育暴力行为，应当以严重脱逸社会相当性理论为依据，遵循有限介入的原则，严格确定刑法介入的范围和程度，疏通刑法介入的渠道，并依照一定的程序予以介入。     

论无因管理的法律适用

无因管理作为债的一种形式,是指没有法定或者约定的义务,在考虑他人真实意思或可推知意思的基础上,有为他人管理、服务事务的意思,且客观上符合他人利益而在管理人与本人之间直接产生债权债务的适法事实行为。见义勇为的法律适用一般宜分为两种类型:一是无第三人侵害情形时的见义勇为,作为无因管理的特殊形态,适用无因管理的法律规定;二是在有第三人侵害情形下的见义勇为,作为阻却第三人侵害的一种行为,可以适用因阻却侵权行为之见义勇为的相关法律规定。立法应当完善对因实行无因管理而受损之人的保护,特别是应当扩大损害赔偿请求权的主体范围以及赔偿范围。     

论公司自治的法律边界

公司自治的法律边界是规范公司治理行为的重要内容。公司自治的法律边界可以从其实体法、公司章程和法律救济等三个方面进行划定。实体法介入的主要改革思路是减少实体性规定，增加程序性强制规范的适用范围。公司章程约束的主要完善对策除了要增加章程的类型，提高章程的灵活性外，更重要的是要合理分配股东会与董事会的职权范围，固化股东权利。法律救济的完善则应着眼于商事审判理念的确立、经营判断规则的引入和专任商事陪审员制度的建立等几个方面。     

借助文本信息软件构建大学外语无缝学习互动网络空间——以辽宁警官高等专科学校Growing-up英语QQ群为例

网络空间中的每一次技术飞跃都带动了网络教学的一次革命。腾讯QQ软件不仅为人际交流带来极大便利,而且为大学外语无缝学习互动网络空间的建立提供了技术支持。笔者与助学者和警校学生共同构建的Growing-up英语QQ群打破了传统英语课堂教学的时间与空间的限制,为学生提供了融知识性与趣味性于一体的英语无缝学习的全方位交流互动平台。它是开展全新英语学习、跨文化交际、警务英语实践体验的舞台,实现了语言是为人类交际而服务的最终目标。