Relationship of the Family Environment to Children's Involvement in Bully/Victim Problems at School

Previous studies regarding the relationship of the family environment to children's involvement in bully/victim problems at school primarily focused on children's perceptions of family dimensions. No studies were known using data from multiple reporters within 1 family (parents and children) on family characteristics of bully/victim problems. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between families of victims, bullies, bully/victims, and noninvolved children on family functioning, child-rearing practices, and problem-solving strategies in hypothetical conflict situations and perception differences between children and their parents on those dimensions. The findings revealed important perception differences between children and their parents, with parents holding up a more positive picture of their family. Important differences between families of bullies, victims, and bully/victims were documented looking at the family functioning and parent–child interactions from the perspective of the children. In contrast, almost no differences between the groups were observed if parents' reports were considered. Discussion leads to suggestions for further antibullying interventions at the school.     

有效控制违法与切实保障权利的统一——《治安管理处罚法》的价值取向探讨

我国新近通过的《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》与《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》相比较,明显赋予了公安机关更多更大的治安管理处罚权和强制权。与此同时,在有关这些权力的行使方面则又规定了一系列重要制度加以严格规范。加强对公安机关治安管理处罚权和强制权的配置,意在有效控制治安违法行为;而规范公安机关权力的运用,则是要防范公安机关违法行使治安处罚权和强制权,侵害公民的合法权益。由此,该项立法的价值取向并不是单一的,而是有效控制违法行为与切实维护公民合法权益的统一。     

陈水扁应对政治危机的心理与行为模式

陈水扁上台以来,台湾的政治危机频繁发生,陈水扁在应对危机的过程中表现出的心理和行为模式值得分析。陈水扁在政治社会化过程中形成的政治意象会对其心理认知产生影响。陈水扁应对政治危机的心理认知模式包括“权力傲慢的心理认知”、“缺乏安全感的心理认知”、“机会主义的心理认知”等。他的主要行为模式是“静观其变—凝聚内部—煽动对立—获利妥协”。陈水扁应对政治危机的心理与行为模式会对他的政治人格、台湾政局和两岸关系产生一定的影响。     

A Comparison of the Sexual Behaviors and Attitudes of Adolescent Girls with Older Vs. Similar-Aged Boyfriends

Sexual behaviors and attitudes of female adolescents were studied as a function of age of boyfriend. Boyfriend's age was dichotomized: similar-aged was defined as within 2 years of the girls' age; older aged was 3 or more years older than the girl. A school-based, ethnically diverse sample of 9th-grade girls (N = 146) who had been in a serious romantic relationship was surveyed on 5 dimensions of sexual attitudes, 2 classes of sexual motives, 7 normative sexual behaviors, and 3 types of risky sexual practices. Results showed that in terms of behavior, girls with older boyfriends were more likely than girls with similar-aged boyfriends to engage in all forms of sexual intimacy, to have sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and to experience sexual coercion. In terms of sexual attitudes, girls with older boyfriends were more likely to endorse beliefs that guys are sexually driven, that sex just happens and is spontaneous, and that sex is related to maturity. These results are discussed in terms of a potential power differential that emerges when girls date older boys.     

The Effects of Prior Workplace Behavior on Subsequent Sexual Harassment Judgments

A dual processing model of sexual harassment judgments predicted that the behavior of a complainant in a prior case would influence evaluations in an unrelated subsequent case. In the first of two experimental scenarios depicting social-sexual conduct at work, the female complainant's conduct was manipulated to be aggressive, submissive, ambiguous, or neutral. Half of the participants were asked to reflect upon the first scenario after reading it and before answering responsibility questions. The other half simply reviewed the scenario and answered the questions. When the complainant acted aggressively, her behavior in the first scenario caused men who reflected on the fact pattern to find less evidence of harassment. Most interestingly, an aggressive complainant observed in the first scenario caused participants (especially women) to rate lower the likelihood that a neutral complainant in a second independent case was the victim of gender discrimination. Across cases, men found less evidence of harassment than did women.     

浅析完善我国的《反不正当竞争法》

我国反不正当竞争法由于是颁布于市场经济体制建立之初,其自身的缺点和不完善性随着市场经济的进一步发展而逐步显现出来,在这种情况下,必须尽快完善这一法律,以使其能更好地服务于社会主义市场经济的健康有序发展。本文将从对不正当竞争行为的理解、界定以及《反不正当竞争法》与其他相关法律的区别和联系的角度出发,以相关的案例加以解释,从而详尽地说明为何要完善我国的《反不正当竞争法》以及其实现的具体途径。     

从非社会性行为视角看留守儿童的社会化问题

留守儿童群体的研究是学术界的一个重要研究方向。本文从非社会性行为这一理论视角来分析留守儿童群体中的非社会性行为,借助这一新的理论视角来拓展、深化留守儿童的理论研究。     

毒品犯罪司法实践中的疑难问题探究

毒品犯罪是一个极其严重的社会问题。我国政府对毒品犯罪的严厉打击取得了一定的成效,但在司法实践中仍存在许多不足和失误之处。应当将毒品犯罪认定为行为犯,行为人只要实施了走私、制造、贩卖、运输、非法持有毒品中的任何一种行为就构成了相应的犯罪既遂形态; 毒品是否最终流向社会,只能作为量刑情节考虑。在主观方面,除了直接故意外,间接故意也可以构成毒品犯罪。在量刑时,涉案毒品数量不是判处死刑的唯一标准,而应当综合考虑其他犯罪情节和对社会的危害程度。为了协调全国人大常委会关于禁毒的决定和刑法的冲突,建议将毒品累犯扩大至走私、贩卖、运输、制造、非法持有毒品罪等五种犯罪,个人和单位都可以构成毒品犯罪累犯。     

Political knowledge about electoral rules: Comparing mixed member proportional systems in Germany and New Zealand

Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) electoral systems are considered by some to be “the best of both worlds” because they combine single member district representation with proportional outcomes. Critics, however, maintain that such systems cause voter confusion leading some voters to cast misinformed votes. Survey data from Germany and New Zealand are used to investigate voter's political knowledge of the electoral system and their voting behavior. The findings suggest that knowledge about the electoral system is similar in New Zealand and in Germany. Although some may very well find the system complex, there is no evidence to suggest that a lack of knowledge about the electoral system influences voting behavior. The results undermine the claims made by skeptics who fear that misunderstanding threatens the legitimacy of electoral outcomes.     

The Effects of British and American Trial Procedures on the Quality of Juror Decision-Making

Compared to American trial procedures, British procedures provide a less distracting environment in which jurors can process trial evidence. Relying on theories of persuasion, it was predicted that jurors viewing British procedures would be less affected by extra-evidentiary cues and would be more sensitive to evidence strength variations than jurors in American trials. Participants (N = 245) viewed a mock trial in which trial procedure, judge's nonverbal behavior, and evidence strength were varied. Participants judged the British procedures to be more civil and fair than American procedures but were less likely to find for the plaintiff. Although jurors recalled more trial facts when they viewed British procedures, they were not more sensitive to variations in evidence strength. There was some evidence that British procedures may increase the influence of judge's nonverbal behavior on juror judgments. The relative benefits of different trial procedures are discussed.