垄断协议表现形式的认定标准之构建——对我国《反垄断法》中垄断协议相关条款的反思

垄断协议是一种严重破坏市场经济正常竞争秩序的经济行为,为我国《反垄断法》所明确禁止。而现实经济中的垄断协议却具有形式多样、内容模糊及涉及领域广泛等特征,因此,尽管我国《反垄断法》明定了垄断协议的三种典型表现形式,但仍需要确定更为明确的认定标准,从而提升司法实践中垄断协议认定的精准性,有效地消弭垄断协议,维护正常的市场竞争秩序。     

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

A review of the literature concerning the fate and behavior of gunshot residue (GSR) is presented. A number of concomitant parameters including firearm and ammunition type, plume and GSR material characteristics, travel distances, chemical composition and GSR morphology are critically discussed in relation to their effects on the distribution and deposition, transfer and persistence processes of GSR. The underlying mechanisms associated with such processes are also considered. Knowledge of these processes on GSR materials could provide valuable information concerning scene preservation and subsequent forensic sampling. The number of GSR particles deposited can vary significantly with each firearm discharge, highlighting the potential to produce distinctive data in each individual case. With the continual development and compositional changes of new ammunition types, further evaluation of the effect these processes may have on GSR evidence and their possible influence on the interpretation of the analytical results should be given due consideration.     

论强迫交易罪对垄断行为的规制

强迫交易罪调整规制民事交易活动中交易一方利用威胁等手段迫使被害人非自愿接受交易的行为。垄断行为是反垄断法确定的违法行为,近年来问题日益突显。部分垄断行为特别是滥用市场支配地位和垄断协议等行为,迫使相对方"不得不"接受其不公平、不合理的交易,其中一部分行为有可能构成强迫交易罪。在认定垄断行为构成强迫交易罪时,既要符合通常的刑法入罪标准,同时须以反垄断法对违法行为的定性为前提,确定有关垄断行为能否构成犯罪。     

School Vandalism in Mexico

Mexico, like other countries in Latin America, is currently facing significant problems with regard to juvenile antisocial behavior and crime. The current study explores some of the factors associated with school vandalism in public high schools. Multilevel modeling with survey data from 22,345 students from 249 schools, acquired over two years, was used to determine how much variation in the rates of school vandalism exists between and within schools, and to detect individual and contextual characteristics that explain significant proportions of the variance. Results demonstrated significant differences across schools in the rates of student vandalism, most of which were associated with gang involvement, drug use, bullying, no attachment to school rules, and unequal treatment of students by teachers. These results are discussed in relation to the literature on school vandalism, and implications for the prevention of school vandalism are discussed.     

检察环境行政公益诉讼受案范围的实证分析

检察环境行政公益诉讼的受案范围是一个理论和实践交叉的疑难课题,涉及被诉主体类型、被诉违法行为类型和诉讼拟救济利益类型三个核心要素。通过对已有检察公益诉讼案例的分析和理论比较可知,检察环境行政公益诉讼的被告类型应限于国务院或地方各级人民政府中对环境、生态、资源保护领域负有监督管理职责的职能部门,可以是单一被告,也可是共同被告,但一般多属于普通共同诉讼。被告的涉诉行为可能是环保领域的行政不作为,也可能是违法行使职权。检察环境行政公益诉讼应以救济环境公共利益为主,环境公共利益应区别于基于国家自然资源所有而产生的国家利益。     

行政机关侵犯公民名誉权及精神损害赔偿责任

虽然我国现行的行政法律制度并未在行政侵权赔偿责任中确认精神损害赔偿,但违法的行政行为可以构成对公民名誉权的侵犯,并造成精神损害,在确立法治行政原则的现代社会,行政侵权赔偿中肯定精神损害赔偿,有利于衡平公共权力与公民权利,在全社会确立民主法治意识。     

论罪犯危机干预

罪犯在长期的监禁生活中 ,因为要承受来自各方面的心理压力 ,容易导致心理危机。经过危机干预 ,给罪犯提供即时的帮助 ,可使陷入危机中的罪犯恢复身心平衡 ,度过危险的紧急救助时期。心理危机干预直接指向罪犯的情绪困扰和心理失衡 ,对于缓解心理冲突、避免意外事故、防止心态的进一步恶化具有显著的效果     

Racial Contexts and White Interests: Beyond Black Threat and Racial Tolerance

The impact of racial context on white voters' support for black candidates in biracial elections has drawn considerable attention from students of racial politics. Two major theories—black threat and social interaction—use different geographic units and provide conflicting explanations. The present study seeks to contribute to the resolution of the controversy by empirically examining white crossover voting at both election unit and neighborhood levels. Twenty-nine mayoral and councilmanic district elections in New Orleans from 1977 to 1998 are investigated. The findings are not consistent with the hypotheses derived from black threat and social interaction theories. Rather than a reflection of racial tolerance or hostility, the changes in white crossover voting in different racial contexts may indicate a rational and strategic adjustment on the part of white voters when they face the prospect of black electoral success.     

论面向道路交通安全驾驶模拟系统研究

汽车驾驶模拟器在道路交通安全领域有着广泛的应用前景,面向道路交通安全的驾驶模拟系统是由驾驶舱等硬件系统和视景显示软件系统组成。其主要研究内容为视景仿真系统、动态驾驶模拟系统的开发研究,道路交通安全评价,事故分析鉴定与再现研究和道路交通环境的变化对驾驶行为的影响。