Effects of early family/parent training programs on antisocial behavior and delinquency

Based on evidence that early antisocial behavior is a key risk factor for delinquency and crime throughout the life course, early family/parent training, among its many functions, has been advanced as an important intervention/prevention effort. There are several theories concerning why early family/parent training may cause a reduction in child behavior problems including antisocial behavior and delinquency (and have other ancillary benefits in non-crime domains over the life course). The prevention of behavior problems is one of the many objectives of early family/parent training, and it comprises the main focus of this review. Results indicate that early family/parent training is an effective intervention for reducing behavior problems among young children, and the weighted effect size was 0.35. The results from a series of analog to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and weighted least squares regression models (with random effects) demonstrated that there were significant differences in the effect sizes of studies conducted in the USA versus those conducted in other countries and that studies that were based on samples smaller than 100 children had larger effect sizes. Sample size was also the strongest predictor of the variation in the effect sizes. Additional evidence indicated that early family/parent training was also effective in reducing delinquency and crime in later adolescence and adulthood. Overall, the findings lend support for the continued use of early family/parent training to prevent behavior problems. Future research should test the main theories of early family/parent training and detail more explicitly the causal mechanisms by which early family/parent training reduces delinquency and crime, and future evaluations should employ high quality designs with long-term follow-ups, including repeated measures of antisocial behavior, delinquency, and crime over the life course.

‘It's the quality of government stupid’ explaining patterns in support for far right in the 2022 French presidential election

One of the most important transformations of European politics in recent decades is the rapid expansion of the share of population that vote for parties characterized as populist radical right (PRR) parties. This research note suggests that declining quality of government increases support for populist radical right parties. Using the latest rounds of the European Quality of Government Index (EQI) survey data that sampled at the NUTS 2 regional level in France, and exploiting the fact that the French, presidential elections contained the same candidates (Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen) in 2017 and 2022, we show that regions increase their vote share for Le Pen where the quality of government decreases. We also show that this relationship holds at the individual level. Thus, supplying quality, impartial and fair public services seem to stifle demand for nativism, ethnic favoritism and authoritarianism and suppress support for the PRR party agenda.     

商人商事目的在商法当中的地位

商人商事目的在商法当中具有重要意义,对于决定商人行为的性质、被商人使用的他人的姓名权、肖像权或者其他权利的性质和商人承担的损害赔偿范围具有决定性意义。商人的商事目的使他们实施的侵权行为从单纯的民事行为变为商事行为,使被他们使用的他人的姓名权、肖像权其他权利从单纯的人格权变为单纯的财产权,使商人就其侵权行为对他人承担的损害赔偿责任从精神损害赔偿责任变为财产损害赔偿责任。     

犯罪行为研究体系独立论——基于刑事一体化的思考

对犯罪行为的研究虽在刑法学和犯罪学中都有涉及,但受制于学科性质和研究目的的不同,学界对犯罪行为研究的视角和重心各有不同。在刑事一体化理念基础上,通过对犯罪学和刑法学视野中的犯罪行为进行比较研究和理性分析,可以得出有必要和可能把犯罪行为在行为学、犯罪学、刑法学等学科分别研究的基础上突出出来,进行系统的研究,并创设犯罪行为学科;以实现犯罪学中散在性的犯罪行为与刑法学中确定性的犯罪行为的对接。这是强化对犯罪行为研究的深度和分量的重要途径;对完善刑事法律学科和促进刑事司法实践具有重大意义。     

当代中国地方政府行为模式分析：政府偏好—政府过程—政府工具视角

政府偏好、政府过程、政府工具三个范畴共同构成的分析框架是研究当代中国地方政府行为模式的有效工具。从这个角度分析当代中国地方政府行为模式,其基本特征表现为：上级政府需求主导型政府偏好、精英政策模式为主轴的政府过程和强制性工具为主体的政府工具选择结构。     

业主委员会机会主义行为制度分析

业主与业主委员会之间就维权问题经常产生矛盾．由于业主掌握的信息不充分和搭便车行为导致了内部监督的缺失,而正向激励不足的业主委员会本身就存在着发生道德风险的可能．再加上政府在有效监督制度供给上的严重不足使得业主的实际监督行为面临着过高的交易费用,加剧了业主委员会机会主义行为发生的风险。因此,必须提高政府的制度供给能力,完善内外部监督机制,推进业主委员会服务的市场化和职业化,从而降低监督制度的运行成本,增加有效监督行为的供给。     

比较视野中的犯罪行为——兼论犯罪行为学的诞生

在犯罪学和刑法学的双重视野里,“犯罪行为”并不是含义统一的概念。考察犯罪行为应当在自然行为的基础上进行,这是考察犯罪行为的底线。为了统一“犯罪行为”的定义,犯罪学和刑法学都面临着转变。在科学定名的基础上,具体需要解决三个问题：一是科学设定“犯罪行为”模型,合理规定具体犯罪罪状;二是制定应用“犯罪行为”模型的实体过程规则;三是形成一套指导犯罪行为模型构建和应用的理论,揭示犯罪学关注的散在性动态“犯罪行为”过渡到刑法学关注的可以被刑法规范评判的静态“犯罪行为”的规律。     

深圳市道路交通事故死亡案例特点分析

目的探讨道路交通事故死亡案例特点,为预防事故的发生提供可靠信息和参考数据。方法按照死者性别、年龄、死亡原因、事故发生时间及地点、事故车辆类型等相关参数,对深圳市4184例道路交通事故死亡案例进行回顾性分析。结果事故死亡人员以男性为主,男女比例为2.45∶1;事故在6：00～8：00和18：00～2：00发生最多;72%的案例在城郊主干道发生;死者主要交通行为方式分别为步行占44%,自行车骑车人19%,摩托车驾车人15%;肇事车辆以货车为主;死亡原因83.2%为颅脑损伤死亡,13.3%为多发损伤。结论深圳地区道路交通事故死亡案件具有明显特点,具有可防范性。     

Perception of Pay Equity in Public Universities in Ghana: Effect on Individual Performance and Work Behavior

Equity theory proposes that individuals perceiving inequity seek to restore equity through appropriate behavior. This research aimed to study the relationship between perceived pay equity and individual job performance among lecturers in public universities in Ghana. Using a survey of 313 lecturers, we found that employees’ perception of equity in the pay system is a significant factor in determining their job performance. Therefore, we recommend that managers attend to equity in the design and implementation of pay systems. Moreover, issues relating to the reward system should be carefully communicated to employees in order to prevent unnecessary perceptions of inequity.     

The Ethical Implications of Altering Public Sector Accountability Models: The Case of the Atlanta Cheating Scandal

ABSTRACT

Outcome based policies promote the use performance accountability models. However, the impact these policies have on the ethical culture of public sector organizations has not been adequately assessed. This research examines performance accountability reforms by examining the City of Atlanta’s implementation of federal and state performance policies. The analysis reveals the use of performance models in vulnerable organizations negatively impact employees’ ethical behavior. Teachers and administrators altered test results, delivered threats, misled parents and students about performance outcomes, and were dishonest with state investigators to give the illusion that performance goals had been met or exceeded.