我国立法的民主化新进展

最高人民法院施行了关于审理著作权民事纠纷案的司法解释,将电脑用户未经许可使用软件的侵权民事责任,限制在商业使用范围内,大大缩小了打击面。这是对新颁《计算机软件保护条例》的补救,成为民间论争及其游说运作与立法司法良性互动的先例。它体现了我国政治体制改革和宪政民主制度的发展,依法维护了最广大人民的根本利益。     

从民法解释学角度论《合同法》第51条的法律漏洞及补救

《合同法》第51条对无权处分合同效力认定问题存在法律漏洞。此漏洞的补充,一是对《合同法》第51条做出一种相对合理的解释,二是为《合同法》第51条设定一个合理的适用范围,确定其法律效力。     

证人证言补强证据问题探讨——兼评民事和行政诉讼证据司法解释

理论界对补强证据理论本身、补强证据与案件主要事实和主证据的关系认识存有较大落差,影响了补强证据规则确立的科学性,造成了司法解释规定的偏失.文章从理论的视角对补强证据进行分析和比对,从分析中恢复其应有的含义,从比对中探求建设性意见,并对司法解释的缺陷进行评判,以便正本清源.     

法律规范与个案裁判基本矛盾的法哲学分析

法律规范与个案裁判的矛盾贯彻于司法审判的全过程。两者的矛盾体现在 :抽象与具体 ,一般与个别 ,静态与动态 ,而法官通过对案件的审理探求公正判决的活动正是以解决规范与裁判的对立统一为己任。     

对行政程序说明理由制度的几点认识

行政程序说明理由制度应作为行政程序法的基本制度列入其中,说明理由制度和告知、听证两种相关程序制度的差别需要厘清,现行《行政处罚法》中说明理由制度相关条款存在瑕疵,未来我国行政程序法典中说明理由制度相关条款可以“试拟稿框架”为基础拟定。     

行贿犯罪刑罚裁量情况调查与法律适用研究

在行贿犯罪特别减免条款与自首交织时,应当以独立适用《刑法》第390条第2款为原则;必须严格把握"被追诉前"的时间范围,将之界定为检察机关立案侦查行贿犯罪案件之前。在对行贿人是否适用缓刑的考量标准体系中,犯罪情节是依据,悔罪表现是参考。司法机关应当在侦查、起诉、审判环节重点关注对行贿所得不正当利益的调查、分析与认定,加强对行贿所得不正当利益的规范化处理,依法予以追缴或者责令行贿人退赔。     

Placating the Powerless: Effects of Legitimate and Illegitimate Explanation on Affect,Memory, and Stereotyping

In an experimental study involving power differences between groups, the effects of legitimate and illegitimate explanations for power were investigated on measures of affect, stereotyping, and memory. We found that powerless groups reported more positive affect (relative to negative affect) when explanations were provided for their powerlessness, whether these explanations were classified a priori as either legitimate or illegitimate. Members of powerless groups also attributed greater intelligence and responsibility to the outgroup when it was in a position of high power rather than equal power, and these effects on stereotyping were enhanced when explanations for the power differences were provided. Finally, research participants tended to misremember the reasons given for the power differences as more legitimate than they actually were. These results support a system justification theory of intergroup behavior (Jost and Banaji [1994] Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 33:1–27) in that people seem to imbue placebic explanations with legitimacy, use stereotypes to rationalize power differences, and exhibit biases in memory such that the status quo is increasingly legitimized over time.     

类型思维:刑法中规范构成要件要素存在的法理根据

理性至上与科学实证主义为刑法中记述性构成要件要素的创建及其普遍化提供了原动力,而同时它们的历史局限性也为规范构成要件要素的产生与存在敞开了大门。法学方法一元论为规范构成要件要素的类型特征与开放结构奠定了认识论基础,而规范构成要件要素的类型结构则是法学方法一元论在刑法中的一种具体体认。对规范构成要件要素具体内涵的把握也必将成为司法实践中的一个重要内容,刑法诠释方法的发达必将成为其发展方向。     

Why Have Policies Often Remained Symbolic? Understanding the Reasons for Decoupling between Policy and Practice

Why have policies that are unquestioningly accepted as appropriate remained symbolic? To answer the research question, I suggest two possible reasons for decoupling between policy and practice: the characteristics of normative pressure as “the weak enforcement mechanism of law” through the implementation stage and jurisdictions’ capacity to infuse the stories of success based on others’ use to their own day‐to‐day realities. In this article, I seek to reintroduce a seminal contribution of the early institutionalists by challenging the assumption that dimensions of adoption and implementation are synonymous or positively correlated. Empirical findings contribute to provide scholars and practitioners with a larger picture of policy diffusion and support the arguments by Nicholson‐Crotty and Carley that policy learning takes place based on policymakers’ assessment of both “policy actions” and “outcomes” in previously adopting jurisdictions.     

影响高等学校编制外员工组织承诺的因素研究

我国高等教育领域编内人员和编外人员在职位晋升、薪酬福利水平等方面存在巨大差异,引发编外人员心里落差大,组织承诺低等问题。为了解高校编外人员的工作状况,以北京大学校本部全体劳动合同制员工为调查总体,采用组织承诺量表进行测量。研究结果表明:合同制员工的感情承诺分值最高,规范承诺其次,继续承诺最低;员工自身的市场竞争力和组织对员工的支持程度对员工的组织承诺具有显著性影响;有效的沟通、公平性和对部门领导者的认同程度可能影响员工的组织承诺。通过实证研究发现,除了员工自身的市场竞争力,组织支持是影响员工组织承诺重要的因素。