商业贿赂的定性与定量：贿赂认定与数额计算

提供有商业风险的期待性盈利不是商业贿赂。根据干股获取分红的,以红利计算商业贿赂犯罪数额。市场价值明确的礼券,以其预充价格计算贿赂数额。资助等形式上不具有一般商业贿赂金钱或财产样态,但内容上仍无法摆脱金钱利益经中间环节周转而成型的变相贿赂本质。确实存在犯罪故意支配下的受财行为,可推定对财物价值的严重性具有认识。对于时间、市场变化因素引起贿赂价格变化的数额认定,应坚持以行为人收受贿赂的时间作为计算犯罪数额的时间基准。     

Placating the Powerless: Effects of Legitimate and Illegitimate Explanation on Affect,Memory, and Stereotyping

In an experimental study involving power differences between groups, the effects of legitimate and illegitimate explanations for power were investigated on measures of affect, stereotyping, and memory. We found that powerless groups reported more positive affect (relative to negative affect) when explanations were provided for their powerlessness, whether these explanations were classified a priori as either legitimate or illegitimate. Members of powerless groups also attributed greater intelligence and responsibility to the outgroup when it was in a position of high power rather than equal power, and these effects on stereotyping were enhanced when explanations for the power differences were provided. Finally, research participants tended to misremember the reasons given for the power differences as more legitimate than they actually were. These results support a system justification theory of intergroup behavior (Jost and Banaji [1994] Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 33:1–27) in that people seem to imbue placebic explanations with legitimacy, use stereotypes to rationalize power differences, and exhibit biases in memory such that the status quo is increasingly legitimized over time.     

使用假币罪的实行行为方式解读

“使用伪造的货币”是我国现行刑法规定的使用假币罪的实行行为方式,学界对其基本含义存在“狭义说”与“广义说”之争,这种争议实质上是基于规范用语与普通用语的不同角度来理解“使用”概念而产生的。根据我国使用假币罪的立法变动情况和普通用语规范化的目的论解释方法,“使用伪造的货币”的基本含义应当解读为：以伪造的货币冒充真币,并以真币的通常用法加以利用的行为,但是应当排除私人储藏、出售伪造的货币以及银行工作人员以伪造的货币换取真币等三种情形。     

Why Have Policies Often Remained Symbolic? Understanding the Reasons for Decoupling between Policy and Practice

Why have policies that are unquestioningly accepted as appropriate remained symbolic? To answer the research question, I suggest two possible reasons for decoupling between policy and practice: the characteristics of normative pressure as “the weak enforcement mechanism of law” through the implementation stage and jurisdictions’ capacity to infuse the stories of success based on others’ use to their own day‐to‐day realities. In this article, I seek to reintroduce a seminal contribution of the early institutionalists by challenging the assumption that dimensions of adoption and implementation are synonymous or positively correlated. Empirical findings contribute to provide scholars and practitioners with a larger picture of policy diffusion and support the arguments by Nicholson‐Crotty and Carley that policy learning takes place based on policymakers’ assessment of both “policy actions” and “outcomes” in previously adopting jurisdictions.     

刑事诉讼法司法解释之主体评析

司法解释是法律适用的前提和基础。因此 ,应首先保障刑诉法司法解释主体的权威性和合理性 ,才能保证刑诉法的正确贯彻实施。由此 ,笔者从宪法和法理学的角度 ,对现行刑诉法司法解释主体制度逐一进行了评析 ,指出了它存在的不足之处和需要进一步善的措施     

论规范的构成要件要素之主观明知

规范的构成要件要素是指蕴含价值关系或评价内容的构成要件要素,对规范的构成要件要素的明知是成立故意的前提。对于规范的构成要件要素的明知实质上是对其意义的认识,应当采用＂外行的平行评价＂标准。此外,对于具有类别关系和属种关系的规范构成要件要素的认识,也应该属于规范的构成要件要素的明知组成部分。     

Beyond ‘kawaii’ pop culture: Japan’s normative soft power as global trouble-shooter

Abstract

Many studies of Japan’s soft power are premised on the ‘affective’ dimensions of its kawaii pop culture that generate liking or interest. While entirely warranted, emphasising cultural attraction does not do sufficient justice to the multi-faceted foundations of Japanese soft power. Neither does it recognise other components of Joseph Nye’s soft power framework stressing the ‘normative’ appeal of policies that reflect global norms. This article investigates the ‘normative’ dimensions of Japan’s soft power on climate change, and whether it translates into international influence, as Nye predicted. The first section examines the Cabinet’s 2010 New Growth Strategy, identifying a potential source of ‘normative’ soft power in its self-proclaimed desire to reinvent Japan as a ‘trouble-shooting nation on global issues’, specifically environmental challenges. Next, it analyses how Japanese entities (government, corporations, and NGOs) can transmit ‘normative’ soft power, and obstacles encountered. These transmission mechanisms include ‘Cool Earth Partnership’ programmes, the ‘Future City Initiative’ and the values-based Satoyama Initiative. The final section addresses conceptual implications that arise, and assesses whether Japan’s ‘normative’ soft power has paid dividends. Drawing from literature on pioneer states and external reviews of Japan’s alignment with key climate norms, the paper suggests that Japan’s normative soft power is lacking in driving agendas at global climate forums. At a pragmatic problem-solving level, however, Japan is increasingly perceived as an attractive source of transferable solutions, reflecting climate norms such as developing eco-friendly technologies and providing assistance to help vulnerable countries mitigate climate change     

影响高等学校编制外员工组织承诺的因素研究

我国高等教育领域编内人员和编外人员在职位晋升、薪酬福利水平等方面存在巨大差异,引发编外人员心里落差大,组织承诺低等问题。为了解高校编外人员的工作状况,以北京大学校本部全体劳动合同制员工为调查总体,采用组织承诺量表进行测量。研究结果表明:合同制员工的感情承诺分值最高,规范承诺其次,继续承诺最低;员工自身的市场竞争力和组织对员工的支持程度对员工的组织承诺具有显著性影响;有效的沟通、公平性和对部门领导者的认同程度可能影响员工的组织承诺。通过实证研究发现,除了员工自身的市场竞争力,组织支持是影响员工组织承诺重要的因素。