意匠多重保护评析

意匠多重保护,是指在赋予意匠以外观设计专利权保护的同时,给以著作权、商标权以及反不正当竞争法的保护。中国法和中国判例对意匠多重保护的态度不明朗。基于规范分析以及成本收益分析,可知意匠多重保护是不可欲的。     

Just punishments: Guideline sentences and normative consensus

The federal sentencing guidelines prescribe ranges of sentences to be given to persons convicted of felonies in the federal criminal courts. The U.S. Sentencing Commission wrote the guidelines attempting to make sentences conform to community views of appropriate punishments, along with several other criteria. Employing data from a 1994 national sample of adult Americans, designed as a factorial survey, the degree of correspondence is shown between guidelines sentences and those desired by the American public. Although at the individual level only a modest degree of concordance was found, the central tendencies of public opinion (median sentences) were found to correspond quite closely to the guidelines sentences. The major points of disagreement centered around drug trafficking crimes: the guidelines prescribed very long sentences for those crimes and distinguished sharply among trafficking in heroin, powder cocaine, and crack, whereas median sentences desired by the public were much lower and did not distinguish sharply among trafficking in those drugs. We interpret the findings as indicating that the guidelines sentences conform reasonably closely to American normative consensus concerning the sentencing of federal felons.The research reported in this article was commissioned by the U.S. Sentencing Commission. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily endorsed by the Commission. Full expositions of the findings from the national survey used are given by Rossi and Berk (1995, 1997).     

不真正不作为犯的结构与罪刑法定原则

不真正不作为犯的结构问题具有特殊性,加之刑事立法的缺失,造成对其处罚的根据不明确,这与刑法的罪刑法定基本原则相悖,引起了过多的争议,文章对不真正不作为犯存在的逻辑结构和规范结构进行了剖析,从而说明对其处罚并不违反刑法的罪刑法定原则。     

完善我国合同解释制度的几点思考

目前,我国在合同解释问题上存在诸多问题,如解释的目的不明确;解释的原则过于抽象而且缺乏层次性,具体的规则可操作性不强;解释的范围界定不合理以及未能准确把握解释的发展趋势。上述问题导致法官享有的裁量权过大。本文试从以上几方面存在的问题出发,提出几点完善的建议。     

民事法律适用中的思维模式再构造

传统大陆法系法官所奉行的演绎推理下的三段论思维模式面对简单案件是有效的,但是在疑难案件的审理中,由于三段论推理所要求的逻辑严密性,普适性的法律规则难以保证三段论推理中大前提的"真理性",因此需要对三段论的思维模式进行改造,在法律适用中区分法律问题与事实问题,在法律问题与事实问题的互动中,推动法律适用的进程,从而保证判决的公正性.     

论刑法上商业秘密的构成特征

刑法上商业秘密应具备秘密性、价值性、实用性和管理性四要件。其中,秘密性暗含新颖性要求,价值性为实用性所限制。由于罪刑法定原则的限制,对这四个要件只能进行严格解释,故刑法上商业秘密的范围小于知识产权法上商业秘密的范围。     

女性主义：七夕诗阐释的现代维度

现代人将七夕诗单一地理解为“情诗”,我们有必要对七夕诗进行多维度的阐释。如果从女性主义的视角将七夕诗加以解读,可以发现,七夕的重要仪礼——“乞巧”,是当时少女们生活希冀中对爱情的价值认同;七夕诗中表达得最丰富的爱情,其实是妇女求得身份平等的情感承诺;而男女不同诗人所作的七夕诗,在视角转换中可以明显看出男人和女人眼中的“女性”有别而情有所同。     

The Legality of the Image

Intimate links exist between political power, law and images. Theology, philosophy and law have always developed elaborate rules about visuality. The iconophilic and iconoclastic traditions complemented one another and combined to construct subjectivity and to reconcile humanity with finitude. In modernity, law replaced religion and philosophy conceptualised legality through the aesthetic category of the sublime. The law understands the importance of the governance of images for the maintenance of the social bond and helps organise a regime of permitted images and forbidden idols which amounts to a complex legal administration of aesthetics and a related aesthetic organisation of law.     

论合同的解释

本文在对合同解释的必要性及各国立法现状进行阐述的基础上,提出了合同解释的基本原则,并就合同解释规范化的问题提出了三方面的建议：１．合同解释应采纳“折衷说”;２．法律应明确法官解释合同的条件;３．完善合同解释制度,必须加强典型案例的汇编工作。     

The understanding of the laws and bylaws and the methodology for drafting in the socialist regime

The methodology for drafting is one of the most important concepts in drafting of a policy paper and translating this policy into legislation. Regarding this, it is necessary to know how the legislative drafting developed in the past during the socialist regime, and how it has changed with time after the beginning of the democratic processes of the country. Due to the correct methodology of drafting, we enable a good correct legislation as an important element of good governance, where the concept of law lays on its foundations and the democratic system is the major goal.