History of Traumatic Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviorsin Severely Mentally Ill Substance Abusing Adults

Epidemiological studies in the United States estimate HIV seroprevalence rates ranging between 4% and 23% for serious mentally ill adults (SMIA; i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other chronic disorders with psychotic features), with substantially greater estimates for risky sexual behaviors. Among the most consistent factors linked to HIV risk in non-SMIA populations is a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. The current study examined the intersection of abuse history and HIV sexual risk behavior in SMIAs with a group of men (n = 64) and women (n = 115) recruited from eight geographically diverse and representative clinical sites around Florida. A cross-sectional interview revealed a high prevalence of alcohol and other drugs problems, as well as a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in 75% of the participants, with 68% of these reporting multiple types of abuse. Compared to nonabused counterparts, those with a history of abuse reported significantly greater: (a) lifetime and current psychiatric symptoms, (b) recent unprotected sexual intercourse, and (c) crack cocaine, heroin, and marijuana use. No gender differences were detected in the associations of abuse history and sexual risk behaviors. These results underscore the need for HIV prevention efforts targeted to SMIAs and the critical importance of addressing abuse history in interventions with this underserved population.     

新时期进一步增强党的阶级基础和群众基础的思考

江泽民在庆祝中国共产党成立80周年大会上的重要讲话,提出按照"三个代表"的要求,在坚持工人阶级先锋队性质的同时,根据经济发展和社会进步的实际,不断增强党的阶级基础和扩大党的群众基础,不断提高党的社会影响力.在新的历史务件下保持党的先进性和纯洁性,始终坚持马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合,坚持科学理论的指导,坚定不移地走自己的路,始终紧紧依靠人民群众,诚心诚意为人民谋利益,从人民群众中汲取前进的不竭力量;始终自觉地加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机和活力.     

田兴恕与咸同之交的晚清时局

本文先是通过对贵阳教案后的中法交涉中的关键问题——田兴恕是否应该“抵偿” 问题的分析,揭示出清政府所实施的一系列交涉策略,其实是它此时不仅要对外妥协,而且还要对内有顾忌的结果。然后通过对教案查办过程中田兴恕屡屡“抗违” 举止的考察,并结合对韩超、恽出临等屡屡为之“说情”、“饰词” 的表现的分析．展现出军功阶层在当时所具有的“能量”。最后通过对四位办案疆臣在查办教案中种种“推诿”、“迁延”之举的考察分析,得出咸同之交军功阶层日益坐大的时局面貌。     

Normal responses to sexually anatomically detailed dolls

The behaviors and verbalizations of normal, preschool age boys and girls during interactions with sexually anatomically detailed (SAD) dolls were examined. A structured, nonsuggestive interview with each child was videotaped, and five behaviors and five verbalizations were coded for each of five phases of the interview. A two-way ANOVA (gender × phase) showed that during those phases when the dolls were undressed, both boys and girls showed more sexual exploratory play, aggressive behavior which was nonsexual, and active avoidance. Across all phases, nonsexual aggression accounted for 31% of the boys' and 22% of the girls' total responses. Behavioral and verbal sexual exploratory play represented 42% of the boys' responses and 50% of the girls' responses. In contrast, sexually aggressive behavior accounted for only 1% and 2% of the boys' and girls' responses, respectively. Girls interacted with the dolls more than did boys. Additionally, girls demonstrated more affection to the dolls than did the boys, and boys displayed more anxiety with the dolls than did girls. Investigators should be cautious as to inferences about preschoolers' interactions with SAD dolls, especially interactions of a sexual or aggressive nature which do not clearly depict fondling or intercourse.     

Normative and rational choice accounts of human social behavior

Two approaches to the problem of explaining social order are compared: the rational choice approach (as represented in Coleman'sFoundations of Social Theory) and the normative or social control approach, in which rules and rule-following play the central role. Considered in terms of Coleman's own criteria for social theory, only the social control approach seems plausible. In particular, the rational choice approach is circular in that it necessarily presupposes the existence of rules and rule-following, while its pretense is to be able to explain social order in non-normative terms. The social control approach accounts for social order in terms of the existence of social rules and the innate capacity of human beings to learn to follow such rules.     

社会分层中女性的阶级位置与阶级认同——对30年来西方社会学相关文献的综述

自20世纪70年代女性主义介入到社会分层研究当中以来,女性的阶级位置与阶级认同,一直是这一领域内争论得最为激烈的议题.本文对西方社会学界围绕这一争论而产生的文献做了较为详细的梳理和归纳,希冀对中国的相关研究提供理论参考.     

The Cultural and Developmental Significance of Parenting Processes in Adolescent Anxiety and Depression Symptoms

This study examined the cultural and developmental significance of maternal and paternal parenting processes (closeness, support, monitoring, communication, conflict, and peer approval) for measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents from Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States (N=6,935). Across all cultural contexts, measures of maternal and paternal support and conflict were most consistently associated with measures of internalizing behaviors. Few differences were observed in the importance of individual parenting processes for anxiety or depression symptoms across cultures. Additionally, with the exception of maternal conflict for anxiety and depression symptoms and paternal closeness for depression symptoms, none of the parenting process dimensions differed in importance for internalizing behaviors across developmental periods (middle versus late adolescence). The investigation provides evidence of great similarity in developmental processes, both across cultural contexts and developmental periods.

浅谈以“说（Talk）”为主导的高职英语课堂教学

英语教学中,培养学生的语言应用能力非常重要。“说（Talk）”是整个课堂教学过程达到教学目的主导形式。教师应当想方设法调动学生的主体意识,加大交际训练力度,使学生能够有足够的热情和信心投入到课堂语言实践活动之中。     

Struggling in the Street and at the Table

Two scholar practitioners of conflict intervention and social movements present case histories of mediated conflicts involving complex choreographies of contention and negotiation. Both processes, while differently structured and facilitated, have led to improvements in the dynamics of identity‐based conflicts in urban communities. The authors raise theoretical questions and propose improvements to practice.     

Participation and Political Equality in Direct Democracy: Educative Effect or Social Bias

This paper analyses the moderating effect of direct democracy on the relationship between socioeconomic status and electoral participation. A sceptical position holds that direct democracy increases social bias in the electorate as issues are too complex and demanding. Participatory democrats in contrast invoke an educative effect of direct democratic institutions, thus decreasing social bias within the electorate. To test both arguments we use data from the Swiss cantons and estimate cross‐level interactions of socioeconomic and direct democracy variables on electoral participation. First differences between effects in the least and most direct democratic cantons are not statistically significant. This result may be seen as relief for sceptics as well as dampener for proponents of direct democracy.