Terror,territoriality and the struggle for indigeneity and citizenship in northern Nigeria

The struggle of the minority ethnic groups against the majority Hausa-Fulani ethnic-amalgam in the north of Nigeria has persisted. As a result of the twentieth-century jihad and politico-cultural and economic factors, Fulani (Muslims) are found in many parts of the minority areas of the geographical north. Many of the minority ethnic groups often claim to be ‘indigenous’ to the areas and regard the Fulani – and Hausa – as ‘settlers’. The struggle for political, economic and social values and rights in these communities often produce violent clashes between these indigenous groups and the settler Hausa-Fulani. This paper uses the territorial claims and counter-claims over indigeneity in the Yelwa area between the Tarok/other ethnic (Christian) groups and the Fulani/other ethnic (Muslim) groups which degenerated into serial blood-letting in 2004 to interrogate the citizen-deficit in Nigeria, and the contradictions of reconciling indigenous rights with citizenship rights in a typical multi-ethnic postcolonial state.     

东北亚地区各国的旅游认知和旅游意向调查——中国天津市调查的结果和分析

区域旅游合作是新兴而又被关注的领域,近几年东北亚各国的旅游合作取得很大的进展。但是学术界对该区域旅游合作的研究相对而言比较滞后,为了获取第一手资料,为了掌握该地区的旅游环境,尤其是旅游软环境的现状,东洋大学"环日本海地区各国旅游软环境研究"课题组在东北亚地区的5个国家开展了实证研究。通过对中国天津市的调查样本汇总,部分调查结果的分析表明,天津市民出国游去向的选择大多以东北亚国家为目的地;被调查者最想出游的国家依次为日本、韩国、俄罗斯、蒙古和其他国家。同时调查结果还表明了出游与个人条件的关联性。     

生态旅游与云南旅游业可持续发展论

旅游业是云南省的支柱产业,在国民经济发展中的地位日益突出.然而,随着旅游业的不断发展,旅游区的开发与当地环境保护之间的矛盾也越来越明显.如何才能在大力发展旅游业的同时,保护好开发区的生态环境,使旅游业走上可持续发展的良性循环轨道,是一个值得研究的课题.重视环境保护是全球的共识,生态旅游是未来旅游业的发展趋势,在发展云南旅游业的大规划中,注重生态旅游才是长远之计.针对云南特有的旅游资源,开发民族生态旅游接待村,是云南开展生态旅游的重要组成部分,也是为生态旅游的发展提供一种有效的模式和途径.     

兰州市大气污染及其调控

分析了兰州市的大气污染特征,从自然和人为２方面探讨了大气污染的成因,指出兰州市大气污染治理面临的一系列矛盾和问题,并从产业发展、工程治理、环境管理等角度提出了相应的调控措施。     

论实现环境公平的观念障碍及其对策

环境公平的实现存在着很多障碍,人类利益中心的价值观及其相关的观念,是影响环境公平实现的重要因素。从环境公平的基本要求出发,分析环境法律公平实现的观念障碍,并提出相应的对策。     

我国环境污染现状与解决建议

随着工业化和城市化的大规模迅速发展,由环境污染和生态破坏所造成的环境侵权现象及其救济将成为今后我国的一大社会问题.而环境污染造成的环境侵权作为侵权行为的一种特殊类型,是国内尚未展开深入、系统研究的领域,有关立法也很不完善.因此,在借鉴西方发达国家的实践经验的基础上,探讨和研究有效解决环境污染损害纠纷的解决途径和完善机制,既是保护人们的合法权益的现实需要,也对环境法制的发展具有极其重要的意义.     

Soft Tissue Decomposition of Submerged,Dismembered Pig Limbs Enclosed in Plastic Bags*

Abstract: This study examines underwater soft tissue decomposition of dismembered pig limbs deposited in polyethylene plastic bags. The research evaluates the level of influence that disposal method has on underwater decomposition processes and details observations specific to this scenario. To our knowledge, no other study has yet investigated decomposing, dismembered, and enclosed remains in water environments. The total sample size consisted of 120 dismembered pig limbs, divided into a subsample of 30 pig limbs per recovery period (34 and 71 days) for each treatment. The two treatments simulated non‐enclosed and plastic enclosed disposal methods in a water context. The remains were completely submerged in Lake Ontario for 34 and 71 days. In both recovery periods, the non‐enclosed samples lost soft tissue to a significantly greater extent than their plastic enclosed counterparts. Disposal of remains in plastic bags therefore results in preservation, most likely caused by bacterial inhibition and reduced oxygen levels.     

科学发展观视域下的可持续发展

科学发展观基本要求是全面协调可持续,这是从全局高度把握中国特色社会主义理论的重要体现。深入贯彻落实科学发展观,必须正确认识和处理自然资源、环境与发展的关系。     

完善中日环境合作机制的路径选择

中国和日本的环境合作项目中,双边合作效果显著。而两国参加的多边层面的环境合作虽然形式众多,但由于大多采取对话方式从而难以落实到具体的行动当中,所以合作的实质进展十分缓慢,尤其在遇到解决跨界环境危机事件的过程中,缺乏有效整合及联合应急的能力,造成效率低下。中日两国应该尝试建立常设性的联合工作小组,以及临时性的联合应急行动小组;中国和日本作为东北亚的核心国家,在东北亚区域环境合作中要发挥更大的作用;在完善中国和日本环境合作机制的前提下,两国分别具体执行自己应承担的环保角色;加强中国和日本在节能、环保等方面的合作,减轻两国能源危机压力,这四个方面是合理的对策选择。     

Public Opinion, Risk Assessment, and Biotechnology: Lessons from Attitudes toward Genetically Modified Foods in the European Union

Proponents of biotechnology argue that citizens' opposition to innovations such as genetically modified (GM) foods is rooted in emotionalism, media and nongovernmental organizations' distortions of good science, and scientific ignorance. Critics charge that this "risk management discursive" is too reductionist, exaggerates scientific capacity, inappropriately privileges scientific values over social and political values, and inaccurately captures how citizens evaluate biotechnology. This article uses ordered logit analysis applied to the responses of Europeans to a 2005 Eurobarometer survey to test the validity of these competing perspectives in the area of GM foods. Our analysis supports the arguments of those calling for the inclusion of broader discursive social, political, and cultural elements in deliberations over GM foods. Analysis also shows that citizens are less emotional in evaluating GM foods than proponents claim and supports this "new politics of knowledge" perspective, but citizens also cling more tightly to hopes that science can resolve debates with objective analysis.