显微操作法提取混合斑中精子细胞方法的探讨

目的尝试建立一种提取混合斑中精子细胞的检测方法。方法在人为控制条件下,制备精液—阴道液混合斑,分别使用显微操作法与差异裂解法分离精子细胞,提取DNA,进行STR基因型检测。结果采用显微操作法检测成功率11/12,差异裂解法成功率1/12,两者有显著性差异。结论显微操作法可有效获取精子细胞,排除女性物质和其它杂质的干扰,STR分型成功率优于差异裂解法。     

刑事责任年龄认定存在的问题及对策研究

由于立法上缺乏刑事责任年龄认定标准;司法实践中户籍资料、被告人供述和辩解、证人陈述和骨龄鉴定认定依据均存在问题;刑事证据采纳标准和司法成本影响刑事责任年龄的认定,从而导致犯罪嫌疑人尤其是未成年人刑事责任年龄的认定处于不确定状态。对此,立法上应明确规定认定刑事责任年龄的法律依据;司法实践中,严格户籍管理,适当运用骨龄鉴定,严格遵守证据的采信规则,合理规划司法成本。     

医疗事故鉴定相关问题分析

"医疗过失鉴定"概念应当取代"医疗事故鉴定结论"概念。医疗纠纷诉讼中的医疗鉴定机构应当统一为医学会。分析论证我国的医疗鉴定结论证明能力与证明力,结合我国实际提出了相关的立法完善建议。     

The forensic examination of photographic equipment and materials

The scientific examination of cameras, negatives and photographic prints can provide valuable evidence. The methods used and examples of their value in criminal cases are given. The background and experience necessary to carry out this work is discussed.     

举证时限制度的冷思考

在价值目标上,举证时限制度不仅偏离实体公正,而且不可能真正提高诉讼效率,同时也不能真正体现和实现程序正义.大陆法系国家几乎找不到类似中国举证时限的立法体例,英美法系国家有举证时限,但其是以陪审制和漫长、充分的证据开示为依托的,且设立举证时限、证据开示的真正目的不是在于提高效率,而是发现真实,破除"竞技论"的弊端.如果说我国的举证时限制度是属于外国制度的大胆引入,那么,忽视了其制度背景和功能实质的移植是难以达到立法目的的.     

The Impact on Juror Verdicts of Judicial Instruction to Disregard Inadmissible Evidence: A Meta-Analysis

The effect on juror verdicts of judicial instructions to disregard inadmissible evidence was evaluated using meta-analysis. One hundred seventy-five hypothesis tests from 48 studies with a combined 8,474 participants were examined. Results revealed that inadmissible evidence (IE) has a reliable effect on verdicts consistent with the content of the IE. Judicial instruction to ignore the inadmissible evidence does not effectively eliminate IE impact. However, if judges provide a rationale for a ruling of inadmissibility, juror compliance may be increased. Contested evidence ruled admissible accentuates that information, resulting in a significant impact on verdicts. Suggestions for how the courts may mitigate the impact of inadmissible evidence more effectively are discussed.     

证据在司法精神病学鉴定中的应用

如何判定被鉴定人是否患有精神病,即如何认定、确认精神病,亦即如何取得合法的精神病认定证据,是司法精神病学鉴定中首先需要解决的问题.在司法精神病鉴定实践中,对某些个案鉴定之所以出现较大分歧,其重要原因是由于证据不同而导致其鉴定结论的不尽相同.由此可见,证据在司法精神病学鉴定中具有关键的作用.     

风险社会中刑事司法程序若干问题的思考

在风险社会中,科技发展也促进了犯罪形势的变化,刑法理论在某些方面已经作了一定改变。基于刑事一体化的考虑,刑事司法程序也应作出相应变化。“9·11”事件对传统刑事司法程序理念冲击很大,刑事程序中科技证据的运用和刑事公益诉讼的完善,应引起一定的关注。     

Cognizance and Consultation of Randomized Controlled Trials among Ministerial Policy Analysts

Consultation of scientific evidence by policy actors has been the foci of attention of knowledge utilization scholars for decades. The present study questioned the extent to which randomized controlled trials (RCTs)—generally seen as the gold standard of scientific research—are known and consulted by policy analysts in ministerial settings. Using cross‐sectional data collected in 17 ministries in Québec (Canada), our study showed that fairly high levels of policy analysts report never having heard of RCTs, thus possibly hindering effective communication of scientific results to relevant policy makers. Statistical analyses reveal the importance of cognitive factors in explaining both phenomena.