过失共同正犯若干问题研究

中外刑法学界对过失共同正犯的争议起源于对共同犯罪本质的不同理解--"犯罪共同说和行为共同说的对立".我国刑法通说否认过失共同正犯,这迫使司法实践中法官"偷偷"适用"部分实行全部责任"的共犯处罚原则来处理过失犯罪案件.确立这一理论必须排除"规范否定说"、"意思联络缺乏说"和"罪刑均衡违反说"三大障碍.过失共同正犯同样具有共同实行的意思表示,共同注意义务才是过失共同正犯成立的本质.     

激情犯的基础理论与立法问题研究

虽然尚未进入中国的刑事立法与司法解释,但对于社会公众而言,激情犯早已不是陌生的话语.以激情犯为由要求对具体案件中的被告人从宽处罚的情形在司法实践中也屡见不鲜.但是激情犯所实施的都是严重侵害他人生命权或健康权的犯罪,欲将之用作对被告人从宽处罚的情节,必须遵循罪刑法定原则,通过立法对之进行严格的限定,否则结果可能会适得其反.首先参考国外刑事立法,介绍了激情犯的概念、特征、构成要件及处罚原则.此后,从情节适用的确定性与刑罚裁量的统一性两方面论述了对激情犯进行立法必要性,并立足于理论现行立法剖析了立法的可行性.最后,就激情犯的立法模式、认定标准、激情诱因及处罚原则等问题进行了探讨,并提出了具体的立法建议.     

重型犯常见的心理问题及应对策略

重型犯是指犯罪性质恶劣、情节严重以及社会危害性很大的罪犯。用症状自评量表(SCL—90)对重型犯进行了测查,发现入监初期与入监中期服刑人员相比,入监中期服刑人员在躯体化、忧郁、偏执三项因子分方面明显高于入监初期犯人,表明服刑时间较长的罪犯存在更多的心理问题。因此,综合运用各种改造手段对罪犯进行心理和行为矫正,广泛开展心理健康教育,就可以极大地提高我国特殊预防的水平。     

An analysis of self-reported suicide attempts and ideation in a national sample of incarcerated individuals convicted of sexual crimes

ABSTRACT

Suicide is the leading cause of preventable death in US jails and prisons, with rates three to nine times higher than those of the general population. Although suicide in correctional settings has been recognised as a serious problem, the research on suicide among incarcerated individuals remains limited. Individuals who have committed sexual offenses may be at an elevated risk for suicide. Specifically, they have been found to report high rates of hopelessness and depressive mood, and approximately 14% of individuals convicted of sexual offenses have reported a suicide attempt at some point in their lives. Most of these data are based upon official reports and may represent an underreporting of the true prevalence of the problem. The current study provides an analysis of the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported suicidal thoughts and behaviours in a large national sample of individuals convicted of a sexually based crime. Overall, 17.9% of the offenders reported an attempted suicide in their lifetime, 15.1% reported experiencing suicidal ideation but never made an attempt. Risk factors for suicide attempts and ideation for this population are reported. The findings are discussed in the context of suicide prevention and intervention efforts among those who have committed sex offenses.     

Patterns and Correlates of Offender Versatility and Specialization Across a 23-Year Span for At-Risk Young Men

The authors examined patterns and correlates of offender specialization versus versatility, or more random offenses, among 206 at-risk men. Both official records and self-report data of offending from late childhood to ages 31–32 years old were used. Aggregate- and individual-level analyses indicated that the predominant offender pattern for this sample was versatility. Three correlates of offender versatility were examined (offense frequency, early onset, gang association). Aggregate-level findings consistently revealed offense frequency as a robust correlate of offender versatility, whereas individual-level findings differed among the three measures of offender versatility. The congruence of these findings with predictions from Patterson’s (1982) coercion model is discussed.     

对采矿权客体的系列甄别

通常认为采矿权的客体是:不特定的、包括地下部分在内的组合体、抽象的矿产资源、地壳中的不动产等.由此而将采矿权归属矿业权、特许物权、准物权等形成虚无的物权体系.通过逐一甄别认为,采矿权的客体是单一而特定的矿产,采矿权人对矿产支配的权利状态具有自物权属性.     

Reliability of Sexually Violent Predator Civil Commitment Criteria in Florida

The present study investigated the reliability of Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) civil commitment criteria under Florida's Jimmy Ryce Act. The purpose of the study was to determine if, independently, 2 evaluators would reach the same conclusions about the same client (n = 295). According to civil commitment criteria outlined by the United States Supreme Court (Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997), SVPs must display a mental abnormality predisposing them to sexual violence and a likelihood of future sexual violence. The interrater reliability of 8 DSM-IV diagnoses applied by evaluators to determine whether a client has a "mental abnormality that predisposes him to sexual violence" was found to be poor to fair (kappa = .23 to . 70). The interrater reliability of risk assessment instruments used to determine "likelihood of reoffense" was good (ICC = .77 to .85). The recommendations made by evaluators regarding whether or not to refer a client for civil commitment demonstrated poor reliability (kappa = .54). Implications for practice and policy are explored.     

系列案件中的犯罪思维定势

犯罪思维定势是系列案件作案人的犯罪思维活动中一个非常重要的内容.侦查人员为了能够识别和查找系列犯罪案件的作案人,必须对作案人的犯罪思维定势进行剖析.系列犯罪案件作案人的犯罪思维定势可以分为常态人格特征的犯罪思维定势和变态人格特征的犯罪思维定势.这两种犯罪思维定势在形式和内容上存在着较大的差别,前者在形式和内容上往往表现出某种程度的"稳定性"或"规律性"特征;后者往往表现出某种程度的"非稳定性"或"缺乏规律性"的特征.     

我国律师在场制度的理论起点分析

律师在场权从表面上看只不过是扩大了律师的一项诉讼权利，而实际上它是公民权利的一种延伸。建立律师在场制度，是现代国家民主与法治的必然要求；是人权保障的基础；是我国吸收“控辩式”诉讼体制合理因素的又一项改革措施。因此，在刑事诉讼法再修改这一大背景下，探讨如何建立起科学、完备的律师在场规则，必将对我国整个刑事司法体制改革产生深远的影响。     

共犯与身份问题初探——兼与日本刑法之比较

日本刑法65条对共犯与身份作了规定,我国刑法总则中没有涉及这个问题。日本刑法65条同时体现了"身份的连带作用"和"身份的个别作用"这一对看似矛盾的概念,而从共同犯罪的本质出发,也没有办法解决。只能从违法身份的连带作用和责任身份的个别作用这个角度,来消除这个矛盾。