“Keeping Children Safe”: the Child Sex Offender Disclosure Scheme in Scotland

Abstract

This article describes the Child Sex Offender Disclosure Scheme in Scotland known as Keeping Children Safe (KCS), and the wider community engagement strategy developed by the charity Stop it Now! Scotland. The author coordinated the disclosure scheme on behalf of Police Scotland from November 2011 to March 2014. He is employed by Stop it Now! Scotland as a project officer. In 2011, Stop it Now! Scotland took over responsibility for the coordination of the KCS scheme from the Police. This work is embedded within a community engagement strategy known as the Upstream Project. The Upstream Project provides information to “community-facing” agencies to use in their interface with groups or individual adults in the community. To achieve this, a prevention toolkit was developed which includes a range of practical information and resources which adults can use to identify potential risk and take steps to prevent sexual abuse from occurring.     

论返还拾得物的报酬请求权

返还拾得物后,拾得人享有向失主请求支付报酬的权利,这是世界大多数国家民法立法的通例,我国目前尚未有相应的法律规定.研究和探寻享有报酬请求权的条件、影响请求权的几种情形、规范或请求权竞合的法律适用等问题,对于完善我国报酬请求权法律制度是十分必要的.     

论原始社会犯罪人赔偿制度

20世纪70年代开始至90年代,几乎所有西方国家都规定了罪犯赔偿制度。追溯罪犯赔偿历史,它是原始社会时期的一种犯罪治理手段,是犯罪的伴生现象。相较于今天的犯罪治理手段,它更注重个人身心、生活、行为和社会秩序的恢复。西方国家、伊斯兰社会和非洲、亚洲等的原始社会,都曾广泛采用罪犯赔偿制度。原始社会罪犯赔偿制度注重被害人的被害恢复,重视为避免社会冲突,要求罪犯承担弥补犯罪所造成的恶果的责任,同时也十分重视恢复社区安宁。这对于我们今天的犯罪治理有着重要的参考价值。     

关于我国私有财产权的宪法保护的一点思考

宪法第四修正案对私有财产的保护是我国社会发展的需要 ,也是我国民主宪政建设的需要。对私有财产进行宪法保护为现代西方各国所推崇 ,也为转型中的国家所效仿。我国在进行社会主义市场经济建设过程中 ,一定要对各种财产所有权进行一体的保护。     

CHANGES IN POLICE NOTIFICATION FOR RAPE, 1973–2000*

We use data from the National Crime Survey (NCS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to explore changes in the likelihood of police notification in rape incidents. The findings indicate that during the 1970s and 1980s there was a significant increase in police notification by third parties and by victims raped by non‐strangers. During the 1990s the increase in rates of police notification in rape incidents accelerated and broadened in scope. In addition, differences in police notification between stranger and non‐stranger incidents diminished during the 1970s and 1980s and, by the early 1990s there was no significant difference.     

关于中西检察权本源和属性的探讨

西方检察权的历史本源是公诉权 ,而中国检察权的历史本源是职务犯罪的侦查权和诉讼监督权 ;西方检察权的权力属性兼具行政性和司法性 ,而中国检察权的权力属性就是法律监督权。依法治国必须强化检察监督权 ,中国检察改革应当具有自己的特色。     

秦汉家族成员连坐考略

秦汉统治者为巩固其统治,继承了产生于奴隶社会的连坐法,并对其加以发展。秦汉家族成员的连坐涉及到父子、夫妻、兄弟姐妹、祖孙、从兄、宗族等各种亲属关系。与连坐有关的罪名有盗窃、罪犯逃亡、挟书、谋反、巫蛊、祝诅、首匿、见知不举、诽谤、妄言、非所宜言、妖言、降敌等。连坐法的施行,是封建统治者维护其统治的需要,也是封建地主家族争权夺利的工具。     

情节加重犯若干问题研究

加重犯分为结果加重犯与情节加重犯两类,二者的区别在于:结果加重犯的加重结果超出了基本构成要件的范畴,而情节加重犯的加重情节则在基本构成要件之内;情节加重犯之加重情节是量刑情节而非定罪情节;情节加重犯是单纯一罪。     

VIOLENCE BEGETS VIOLENCE … BUT HOW? A DECISION‐MAKING PERSPECTIVE ON THE VICTIM–OFFENDER OVERLAP*

This study applied a decision‐making perspective to examine the causal mechanisms underlying the relation between violent victimization and offending. We theorized that having been victimized affects an individual's appraisal of subsequent potentially conflictive situations in such a way that victims become more attuned toward the benefits of violence perpetration than toward its costs. Furthermore, we argued that this altered appraisal mediates the relation between violent victimization and violent offending. We tested these hypotheses by using data from the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths, a longitudinal study of Swiss youth (N = 1,013; 11–15 years of age). In line with expectations, path analysis results showed that prior victimization influenced the appraisal of decision‐making situations that, in turn, predicted subsequent self‐reported violent offending. Importantly, these mediation effects held when controlling for a variety of time‐stable factors, such as self‐control and risky activities, as well as prior victimization and delinquency. Implications for research and theorizing on the victim–offender overlap are elaborated in the discussion.     

Desistance and dynamic risk factors belong together

ABSTRACT

Depending on definitions, dynamic risk factors and desistance are either highly intertwined or aligned with distinctly separate paradigms. This paper describes and critiques each concept, and then reviews research on how they may be linked, including some preliminary findings from a longitudinal study of the early phases of desistance in high-risk offenders. I argue that seeking to understand how reductions in dynamic risk work together with the development of the psychological components of desistance will shed the most light on how offenders move from persistence to the maintenance of desistance.