关于“教唆不满十八周岁的人犯罪的,应当从重处罚”的理解与适用

我国通说的刑法理论认为犯罪主体必须具有刑事责任能力,无刑事责任能力之人实施的危害行为不构成犯罪;同时,教唆不具有刑事责任能力之人实施"犯罪"构成间接正犯,对其也可以适用刑法第二十九条第一款的规定即从重处罚。这种观点一方面认为无刑事责任能力之人实施的危害行为不构成犯罪,另一方在他人教唆的情况下,无刑事责任能力之人却又可以实施"犯罪,"这种解释显然无法成立。     

过限犯认定问题研究

过限犯是附随于共同犯罪过程中的一种特殊的犯罪形态。过限犯认定对于明确行为人刑事责任和惩罚犯罪具有重要的意义。本文结合共同实行犯、组织犯、教唆犯和帮助犯等不同的共犯类型,全面而具体地探讨了过限犯的认定问题。     

典型电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数实验研究

目的 为获得典型电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数,研究倒地滑行速度、路面干湿、路面材料以及电动两轮车结构等因素对电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数的影响.方法 采用实车牵引法测试了“标准”和“非标”两种类型电动两轮车在四种常见路面上的0～50km/h速度区间内的倒地滑动摩擦系数.结果 电动两轮车在实验混凝土路面倒地滑动摩擦系数为0....     

“正犯主犯化”:趋势、原因及启示

主犯与正犯分别处于我国和德日刑法共同犯罪人的核心地位,有必要明确二者的关系。在德日刑法史上,正犯的内涵经历了主观说、形式客观说和实质客观说的演变。随着重要作用说和犯罪事实支配理论成为学界通说,正犯的认定标准倒向了实质客观说。德日刑法中的正犯与我国刑法中主犯的界限日益模糊,呈现出正犯主犯化趋势。该趋势的形成与哲学思潮由自然(实证)主义向新康德主义的转变有关;在刑法领域,该思潮的转向主要通过把刑罚的合目的性引入到犯罪论的方法,以化解犯罪论与刑罚论的冲突和消弭李斯特鸿沟。正犯主犯化趋势对我国共同犯罪的研究具有重要启示:一方面,不能以德日刑法中的正犯、共犯概念代替主犯、从犯的规范用语;另一方面,不能割裂定罪与量刑的关系,引进所谓的双层区分制。对于外国刑法理论,应该在明确该理论产生的社会背景和发展动向的基础上,回归到中国的具体现实,结合具体问题分析我国刑法的优劣,再做出坚持还是借鉴的选择。     

DETERRENCE AND DETERRABILITY*

The first forays into Western criminological theory came in the language of deterrence (Beccaria, 1963 [1764]). The paradigm itself is simple and straightforward, offering an explanation for crime that doubles as a solution (Pratt et al., 2006). Crime occurs when the expected rewards outweigh the anticipated risks, so increasing the risks, at least theoretically, will prevent most crimes in most circumstances. If deterrence describes the perceptual process by which would-be offenders calculate risks and rewards prior to offending, then deterrability refers to the offender's capacity and/or willingness to perform this calculation. The distinction between deterrence and deterrability is critical to understanding criminality from a utilitarian perspective. However, by attempting to answer “big picture” questions about the likelihood of offending relative to sanction threats, precious little scholarship has attended to the situated meaning of deterrability. This article draws attention to this lacuna in hopes of sensitizing criminology to an area of inquiry that, at present, remains only loosely developed.     

组织犯概念诸学说介评--从组织犯刑事立法出发的思考

组织犯是共犯者类型之一,围绕组织犯的概念界定产生了不同的理论学说,其中具有代表性的有特有类型说、等同说、一般类型说。组织行为的法典化有两种取向,即组织行为的总则化与组织行为的分则化。组织行为的总则化是在刑法总则中对组织犯做一般性的规定。组织行为的总则化有两种做法:组织犯的明示规定和组织犯的默示规定。组织行为的分则化其实质就是组织行为的实行行为化。组织行为的分则化可分两种情况:一是在刑法分则中对组织犯和非组织犯规定不同的刑罚尺度,体现对组织行为的打击力度;二是在刑法分则中直接把组织行为规定为具体罪。分则化的组织犯也就失去了共犯者类型的本来意义,是实质上的实行犯。     

论刑法中的事后自救

刑法中的事后自救有着不同于一般意义上的自救行为的特别意义,它是刑法中的违法性阻却事后即正当化事由之一。刑法中的事后自救有着从起因要件、时机要件到主体要件、主观要件再到对象要件和限度要件的系列性构成要件或成立条件。不符合构成要件或成立条件的自救行为轻者是过失犯罪,重者是故意犯罪,不仅可以实施正当防卫或紧急避险,甚至可以实施刑法中的事后反自救。     

Examining the scope of questionable diagnostic reliability in Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) evaluations

Research has suggested questionable reliability of diagnosing mental abnormality during Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) evaluations, despite this being a necessary requirement for SVP commitment. Findings have been inconsistent across studies, and little is known about the extent of such trends across diagnoses and clinicians. The current study includes data from 375 sex offenders referred for evaluation for SVP commitment in New Jersey. Clinicians (n = 128) rendered a variety of diagnoses, most commonly Pedophilia. Results suggested questionable agreement across paraphilic and non-paraphilic diagnoses, although agreement was fair for diagnoses of Pedophilia. Further analyses of cases (n = 49) involving clinicians receiving a large number of referrals (n = 14) were generally consistent with these findings, with no outlier effect apparent. Findings suggest questionable diagnostic reliability to be a widespread issue in SVP evaluations, present across a variety of diagnoses and across the general body of clinicians involved in evaluations.     

Inevitable recidivism--the origin and centrality of an urban legend

This paper examines the pervasive conviction that sex offenders - particularly child molesters - will continue to re-offend. This belief in inevitable recidivism turns out to be absolutely essential to both the justification for, and the structure of, the sexually violent predator laws. When actual evidence of sex offender recidivism is examined, however, a huge gap exists between what is assumed and what the data actually show because most sex offenders do not in fact re-offend. Thus there is a galaxy of sexually violent predator laws and an entire branch of Supreme Court jurisprudence that is founded upon a demonstrable urban legend.