论刑事法律关系“三元结构模式”的建立

长期以来,刑事法学理论的研究基本上是从犯罪人(加害方)的角度着手的,很少从被害人(受害方)视角去考察。但作为确定刑事法学研究架构的刑事法律关系,其主体应当包含被害人,即应将传统的刑事法律关系———犯罪人与国家的"二元结构模式"改造为犯罪人、被害人和国家的"三元结构模式"。     

犯罪何以增多——贪污腐化是罪魁祸首

现阶段贪污腐化对犯罪增长的影响,主要有三个方面一是贪污腐化本身就是犯罪,直接导致犯罪增多;二是贪污腐化败坏社会风气,诱发其他犯罪,并且贪污分子还充当黑恶势力保护伞;三是利用职权直接参与犯罪活动.     

试析几种毒品犯罪与其他犯罪的联系与区别

毒品犯罪与某些犯罪在司法实践中容易混淆 ,如 :走私毒品罪与普通走私罪 ;贩卖毒品罪与销脏罪 ;包庇毒品犯罪分子罪与包庇罪 ;窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品、毒脏罪与洗钱罪等等 ,在认定时应注意区别。     

Spotlight on the Main Actors: How Land Banks and Community Development Corporations Stabilize and Revitalize Cleveland Neighborhoods in the Aftermath of the Foreclosure Crisis

Cleveland, Ohio provides a useful case for examining and contrasting property transfer practices among certain key actors before, during, and after the foreclosure crisis. Transfers among key actors—Cleveland’s two land banks, the State of Ohio, Fannie Mae, investors, and community development corporations (CDCs)—differed considerably. This article empirically shows that inappropriate property transfer practices by financial institutions and speculator-type investors negatively impacted neighborhoods, compounding the damage brought on by the foreclosure crisis. By contrast, a case study of one of the hardest hit neighborhoods in Cleveland finds that the land banks and CDC are producing positive outcomes. A proactive land bank as a conduit and robust CDCs as a project promoter are an effective combination to cope with vacant and abandoned properties.     

Intensive psychological treatment of high-risk violent offenders: Outcomes and pre-release mechanisms

Research on correlates of intervention programmes that reduce expected reconviction rates (‘what works’ literature, Risk–Need–Responsivity model) has been highly influential in criminal justice systems throughout much of the western world. But while this psychological research has been acquiring widespread recognition, a deeper understanding of how programmes work and of mechanisms for desistance more generally, has still to develop. This research reports results of a quasi-experimental recidivism outcome study for a series of prison units that provide intensive psychological treatment to high-risk, persistently violent prisoners. Four outcomes were examined over the first 12 months following release on parole: parole violations, new convictions, new convictions for violence, and imprisonment sentences resulting from new convictions. Alongside these results, we conducted preliminary analyses of two potential pre-release mechanisms for surviving the first 12 months on parole without reconviction: lower dynamic risk for violence, and greater release readiness. We found that dynamic violence risk fully accounted for differences between treatment completers and comparison prisoners in proportions reconvicted for violence. However, in all other cases, the proposed mechanisms did not significantly explain treatment-related differences. We close by considering possible explanations for these unexpected results, and reiterating the importance to our field of more sophisticated treatment outcome research.     

地坪式采暖系统应用前景

本文介绍地坪式采暖系统的结构、性能及它的应用前景。     

Victims and Offenders in Two Crime Statistics Programs: A Comparison of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) overcomes a basiclimitation of the traditional summary Uniform Crime Reporting program (UCR)by collecting victim information. Using this new victim information tocompare National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and NIBRS results, wefind some similarities as well as some differences in the characteristics ofvictims and offenders suggested by the two programs. Similarities appear inthe proportions of men and women involved as victims and offenders forrobbery and assault. Comparisons are more difficult and the proportions lesssimilar for property offenses. Nevertheless, the results suggest that whenthe NIBRS is fully developed, it will be an important source of informationon the characteristics of both victims and offenders. Even before theredesigned program is fully implemented, one of the most important featuresof NIBRS reports will be their ability to provide local area victimizationinformation. In addition, the NIBRS will provide much more information onarrests and the characteristic of offenders than any existing program.     

Using the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to Test Estimates of Arrestee and Offender Characteristics

National-Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) information for 1993 iscompared with two other sets of homicide data to assess the acuracy ofprocedures for estimating age-, sex-, and race-specific arrest counts fromtraditional Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data. The simultaneous age, race, andsex characteristics of offenders provided in the NIBRS arrest and offender segmentsare compared with estimates of the same characteristics derived from summaryUCR arrest data. The results suggest that using UCR marginal totals toestimate arrest counts by race and sex produces reasonably accurateestimates of the number of black and nonblack male arrests for murder andother offenses. Estimates of arrests of females by race and sex are lessaccurate, probably because of the relatively small number of arrests ofwomen and girls. Estimating male arrest counts for specific age groups alsoproduces reasonably accurate estimates. The results suggest that previousresearch employing such estimates may have been misleading in the estimatesof female arrests by race but accurate in the estimates of male arrests byrace. Although the use of summary UCR-based estimates in futurecross-sectional research will become increasingly unnecessary as the NIBRSreplaces the current UCR program, time series research designs on arrest andcrime trends will continue to require estimates.     

对我国共同犯罪理论与实践的探讨

世界各国刑法对共同犯罪有着不同的规定，现代刑法理论在此认识上也不尽一致，甚至在基本概念上都难以达成统一的共识，仍然处于见仁见智的状态，共同犯罪问题成为现代刑法理论的世界难题。我国刑法对共同犯罪有着独特的规定，共同犯罪人的种类也有别于其他国家，但存在着内在的矛盾。在着力于完成近代化历史重任以及谋求与国际社会接轨的今天，如何在保证理论完备的前提下，进一步完善刑事立法，成为我国刑法面临的重大课题。     

公安机关办理未成年人案件面临的难题

未成年人的体力和智力决定了他们违法犯罪有其自身的特点,也决定了公安机关办理未成年人违法犯罪案件时面临一些区别于成年人案件的问题:查清年龄难、查明案件细节难、追缴赃款赃物难、处理难。为保障案件的顺序查处,建议公安机关采取相应对策:在讯问时,采取适合未成年人特点的方法和手段;在办理案件时,切实从维护未成年人的合法权益出发,关爱未成年人;平时多注意案后的预防工作。