刑事和解制度论纲

平衡理论、叙说理论和恢复正义理论是当今西方刑事和解理论中流行的三种解说,其中恢复正义是刑事和解最重要的理论基础。在我国刑事司法领域中,并不存在严格意义的刑事和解制度。基于刑事和解在被害恢复与加害恢复方面的双重价值,应当对此制度进行合理化的借鉴,构建刑事和解的中国模式。     

共同实行犯中的身份问题

在共同犯罪中，无身份之人能否与有身份之人构成身份犯的共同实行犯，历来争议较大。对于共同实行犯与身份问题，应当从复行为犯的理论出发，针对身份犯的不同情况，首先确认某一真正身份犯是复行为犯，其次确认该复行为犯的部分实行行为具有身份的可替代性，只有两个条件都具备，无身份之人才能与有身份之人构成共同实行犯。     

主犯若干问题的探讨

主犯是共同犯罪中人身危险性最大的共同犯罪人 ,历来是我国刑法打击的重点。我国目前并没有专门针对刑法总则共同犯罪条文在适用上予以解释的法律文件 ,但是 ,尚有针对刑法分则具体犯罪关于共同犯罪的相关解释中涉及主犯认定的内容 ,但这是否能够视为直接针对共同犯罪具体条文适用的一般性规定 ,还有疑问。本文就主犯的若干问题进行了探讨 ,以期对主犯的认识能够进一步深入。     

The methods and measures of centrography and the spatial dynamics of rape

Technique known as centrography are presented in order to demonstrate their utility for describing and measuring the salient features of a spatial distribution and for facilitating temporal and comparative analyses in discerning trends and contrasting spatial distributions of crime. Centrographic techniques are applied to a 5-year data set of lone-assailant rapes classified by type of offender. The results indicate that different classes of offenders have relatively distinctive spatial distributions. Moreover, changes in the spatial distributions of offender classes, through time, are not uniform.     

The Motivation Behind Serial Sexual Homicide: Is It Sex,Power, and Control,or Anger?*

Controversy exists in the literature and society regarding what motivates serial sexual killers to commit their crimes. Hypotheses range from the seeking of sexual gratification to the achievement of power and control to the expression of anger. The authors provide theoretical, empirical, evolutionary, and physiological support for the argument that serial sexual murderers above all commit their crimes in pursuit of sadistic pleasure. The seeking of power and control over victims is believed to serve the two secondary purposes of heightening sexual arousal and ensuring victim presence for the crime. Anger is not considered a key component of these offenders' motivation due to its inhibitory physiological effect on sexual functioning. On the contrary, criminal investigations into serial sexual killings consistently reveal erotically charged crimes, with sexual motivation expressed either overtly or symbolically. Although anger may be correlated with serial sexual homicide offenders, as it is with criminal offenders in general, it is not causative. The authors further believe serial sexual murderers should be considered sex offenders. A significant proportion of them appear to have paraphilic disorders within the spectrum of sexual sadism. "sexual sadism, homicidal type" is proposed as a diagnostic subtype of sexual sadism applicable to many of these offenders, and a suggested modification of DSM criteria is presented.     

Decision-Making About Volitional Impairment in Sexually Violent Predators

The Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) decision, in which the Supreme Court authorized post-sentence civil commitment for certain sex offenders, appeared to be constitutionally legitimized by limiting the class of offenders eligible for this special form of civil commitment to those who are "unable to control" their dangerousness. Nowhere in the available record, however, did the Court elucidate what they meant by this notion of volitional impairment. This study sought to examine factors that legal professionals (n=43), psychologists (n=40), and mock jurors (n=76) deem most relevant to a determination of sex offender volitional impairment. Participants, who were randomly assigned to a sexual predator commitment or an insanity hearing context, read a series of 16 vignettes that described a pedophilic offender and included combinations of variables hypothesized to be related to judgments of volitional impairment. Results suggested that participants, who as a group made remarkably high estimates of likelihood of future sexual violence, considered verbalization of control, history of sexual violence, and the context of the hearing as highly relevant to determinations of volitional impairment. Implications for policy and practice are explored.     

血液物理性能及其对血滴形态的影响

血液的生物性能、物理性能及其他的许多因素都会影响血滴的形态。本文从血液的物理性能出发,简单地阐述了血液的物理性能及其对血滴形态的影响。     

犯罪人格视野下累犯从重处罚根据及预防

以表征人身危险性的犯罪人格阐释累犯从重处罚的根据，不仅更切合实际，而且能使刑事政策合理化，有效预防累犯再犯罪。矫正犯罪人格预防累犯再犯罪的途径有：实行行刑个别化，改善累犯犯罪人格；设立更生保护制度，巩固改善犯罪人格的成果；营造良好的社会环境，控制累犯犯罪心理的生成；提高累犯自身素质，增强其免疫犯罪的能力。     

论刑事案件中涉案财产的产权归属

刑事案件涉案财产的产权归属不仅直接关系到财产所有人的合法权益,而且关系社会的稳定,关系到社会公众对司法机关的认可与评价。由于我国现行相关法律法规存在的缺陷与不足,导致司法实践中各地对涉案财产的认定和处理存在很大的随意性,经常发生侵害财产所有人合法权益的现象。这违背了宪法关于保护公民私有财产权的规定,损害了公民合法的财产权,也直接影响到司法机关在公众心中的地位和形象。本文以法理与实践为依据,试从涉案财产的定义与产权归属、现行相关法律法规、涉案财产司法实践和立法建议等方面展开论述,对这一问题进行初步探讨,以期去伪存真,引起立法部门的重视,修改和完善相关法律法规,使公民的合法财产权得到切实的保障。     

定罪中的人身危险性问题研究

我国犯罪论中存在着人身危险性地位的理论争议;通过比较分析,可以看出,世界大多数国家评价犯罪的标准是犯罪人的犯罪行为,而我国犯罪论对犯罪的界定标准是单纯的犯罪行为;因此,建议在我国刑事司法中建立行为的社会危害性和行为人的人身危险性主客观辩证统一的犯罪评价机制。