Hardened professional criminals,or just friends and relatives? The diversity of offenders in human trafficking

ABSTRACT

Human trafficking has been extensively discussed, studied and debated over the past 20 years, but many misleading images and stereotypes still exist regarding trafficking, its victims and its perpetrators. Trafficking is often framed as a problem of organised crime. The article problematises (1) the stereotypical images of perpetrators and (2) the involvement of organised crime in human trafficking, particularly in Finland, drawing on court cases that deal with trafficking in human beings. The article analyses, on the one hand, the characteristics of detected traffickers by reflecting the findings against the image of the ideal offender and, on the other hand, the role and involvement of organised crime in human trafficking. The article concludes that most convicted traffickers are not so-called ideal offenders. The variety of traffickers involved in the cases studied does not correspond very well to the rather stereotypical and oversimplified image of traffickers and ideal offenders.     

Are we interested? a trend analysis of sex offender internet registries

Traditional research on community awareness and use of sex offender registries relies upon random digit dialing and other survey instruments. While important sources of data, these sources have limitations and attempts to improve on these measures are bound to funding limitations impeding the collection of larger samples. Analyzing internet search query data associated with interest in sex offender registries from 2006–2016, we explore regional and temporal trends associated with interest in sex offender registries. Results substantiate prior research using mail and telephone surveys, and that of other similar methodologies, showing that interest in sex offender registries display low to moderate interest, which are relatively stable overtime and declining in interest.     

Criminal homicide and the elderly offender: A theoretical and empirical analysis

This paper theoretically develops and empirically tests factors that significantly affect criminal homicide arrest rate patterns in the United States for elderly criminals of the ages 65 years and older, from 1964 to 1985. The analysis reveais that changes in commonly selected economic, demographic, law enforcement, and punishment variables are significantly correlated with elderly criminal homicide arrest rates in a manner consistent with implications from general theoretical models of criminal behavior and with frameworks specifically dealing with criminal homicide.     

刑释解教人员重新犯罪心理浅析

刑释解教人员犯罪问题突出早已引起人们的关注,从心理学角度解析刑释解教人员犯罪问题,探究刑释解教人员犯罪的心理机制,有益于实施针对性打防措施。     

新时期道德建设必须坚持六个统一

社会主义道德建设是一项系统工程,必须坚持继承与创新的统一、德治与法治的统一、先进性与广泛性的统一、权利与义务的统一、效率与公平的统一、教育与管理的统一。     

胁从犯立法之反思

我国刑法在共同犯罪人的分类上划分出胁从犯 ,对于实行刑罚处罚上的区别对待虽有可取之处 ,但将胁从者一律纳入刑事追究的范围是不合理的。又由于胁从犯的划分根据与其他共同犯罪人种类的划分根据不同一 ,导致胁从犯与其他共同犯罪人种类之间的相容和界限不清。为此建议 :在共同犯罪人的分类上 ,实行分类标准同一化 ,不再将胁从犯作为独立的共同犯罪人种类 ;立法上应将一定条件下的被胁迫作为一种免责事由 ;对于不能免责的被迫行为 ,应将被胁迫作为一种量刑情节予以规定。     

片面共同犯罪的认定与处罚

片面共犯在刑法上并无规定。其与实行犯组成的犯罪形式由于不符合共同犯罪条件,可定名为片面共同犯罪。对片面共同犯罪中的实行犯应按刑法一般原则定罪处罚,而对片面共同犯罪中的片面共犯应根据实行犯的社会危害程度不同,遵循一定的原理,决定是追究其刑事责任。     

牵连犯新析

牵连犯概念存在着较大的争议,从一重处断原则在实体法和程序法上更是存在着诸多矛盾之处,导致牵连犯理论陷入进退维谷的困顿境地,甚至给罪数理论制造了一定的混乱.所以牵连犯理论应予以废弃,原先适用牵连犯处理的犯罪情形分别按想象竞合犯和数罪并罚处理.     

The Prediction of Young Homicide and Violent Offenders

Aim was to investigate a range of potentially modifiable risk factors for boys in late childhood for later violence and homicide convictions. Boys from the Pittsburgh Youth Study (N = 1,517) were measured through self-reports and official records in late childhood (ages 11–13) on a large number of potentially modifiable risk factors, and were followed up in juvenile and adult criminal records in terms of violence and homicide. Predictors of conviction for homicide largely overlapped with predictors of conviction for violence. Twenty three out of 28 possible risk factors significantly predicted later violence convictions. Regression analysis identified four significant modifiable risk factors in late childhood for any violent offenders: physical abuse, parental stress, bad friends and low school motivation. The higher the number of early risk factors, the higher the probability of later conviction for violent offenses including homicide. The discussion focus on single-, and multi-modal interventions in late childhood to reduce later violence and possibly homicide.     

Mentalisation-based therapy (MBT) in a high-secure hospital setting: expert by experience feedback on participation

Evidence for mentalisation-based therapy (MBT) is increasing in relation to the treatment of personality disorder. Individuals with personality disorder are over-represented in inpatient, forensic and forensic inpatient mental health services. This study explores MBT within a forensic setting as an intervention designed to moderate deficits linked to violence and to improve adaptive coping. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on interviews with four patients who completed MBT at a high-secure hospital. Findings suggest that MBT-enhanced participants’ mentalising which had a positive impact upon their capacity to manage their behaviour and emotions. MBT further enabled participants to process past experiences of violence and develop some degree of empathy for others, which led to a trend in abstinence from risk behaviours. Findings contribute a secure inpatient perspective on the experience of MBT and to MBT clinical outcomes.