论共同过失正犯及刑事责任的实现（上）

共同过失,是共同罪过的形式之一。虽然我国刑法中,只对共同故意犯罪的刑事责任有规定,但是,这并不是否定有共同过失犯罪的现象,基于共同过失是否应当负共同犯罪的责任 (成立共同犯罪 ),是刑法理论上一直争论的问题之一。笔者结合大陆法系立法及判例和实践,对共同过失正犯的理论和范围以及刑事责任进行了探讨。     

非法采矿的罪数理论及其适用

非法采矿现象的蔓延源于暴利,刑事打击不科学反而助长了非法采矿的势头。非法采矿的危害不仅仅是国有矿产权,还包括对矿业市场进入制度、公众健康与安全、生态环境权以及社区关系等方面的危害。非法采矿属于系列犯罪,必须对非法采矿进行综合惩治,并依罪数理论评价和处断,才能及时、准确地惩治犯罪。非法采矿罪是基本罪,由此导致共同犯一罪或数罪、牵连犯罪、想象竞合犯罪以及异质数罪等。对非法采矿的罪数处断,分别从一重罪处断后进行再处断,这就依靠罪与罪的平衡原理去体现罪刑相适应原则。非法采矿犯罪具有许多其他领域不存在的犯罪特色。     

Assessing the Accuracy of Life Event Calendar Data in an Offender Sample

Criminologists are increasingly interested in the effects of life-course dynamics on criminological development. However, detailed longitudinal data are difficult to obtain and possibly confounded due to recall errors. Life Event Calendars (LECs) are designed to reduce recall errors and are increasingly used as a method for obtaining valid retrospective data in criminological studies. Yet few studies exist that assess the accuracy of LEC data in offender samples. This study aims to fill this void. We compare data regarding the prevalence and timing of marriage, divorce, and childbirth obtained through an LEC to official registry data in a sample of convicted offenders. We examine whether the accuracy of the data vary by event or respondent specific characteristics. We conclude that the LEC data are quite accurate regarding the prevalence of marriage, divorce, and childbirth. The data are less accurate regarding the timing of these life events.     

“正犯主犯化”:趋势、原因及启示

主犯与正犯分别处于我国和德日刑法共同犯罪人的核心地位,有必要明确二者的关系。在德日刑法史上,正犯的内涵经历了主观说、形式客观说和实质客观说的演变。随着重要作用说和犯罪事实支配理论成为学界通说,正犯的认定标准倒向了实质客观说。德日刑法中的正犯与我国刑法中主犯的界限日益模糊,呈现出"正犯主犯化"趋势。该趋势的形成与哲学思潮由自然(实证)主义向新康德主义的转变有关;在刑法领域,该思潮的转向主要通过把刑罚的合目的性引入到犯罪论的方法,以化解犯罪论与刑罚论的冲突和消弭"李斯特鸿沟"。"正犯主犯化"趋势对我国共同犯罪的研究具有重要启示:一方面,不能以德日刑法中的正犯、共犯概念代替主犯、从犯的规范用语;另一方面,不能割裂定罪与量刑的关系,引进所谓的"双层区分制"。对于外国刑法理论,应该在明确该理论产生的社会背景和发展动向的基础上,回归到中国的具体现实,结合具体问题分析我国刑法的优劣,再做出坚持还是借鉴的选择。     

网站侵权行为入罪思考--以共犯行为正犯化理论为破解思路

许多网站为网络用户提供免费存储空间供网民自由上传、下载文档，本身并不直接参与侵权作品的复制、发行，但实际上却提供了发行“帮助”。如果按照共同犯罪理论处罚，存在正犯不构成犯罪、缺乏犯意联络等局限性；用我国《刑法》现有罪名评价，又不符合相关罪名的规范性特征。最有效的定罪思路应当是通过“共犯行为正犯化”理论将网站的“帮助行为”直接解释为“实行行为”，按照侵犯著作权罪定罪量刑，或者另定其他罪名。     

Addressing the Victim–Offender Overlap: Advancing Evidence-Based Research to Better Service Criminally Involved People with Victimization Histories

ABSTRACT

We studied a representative sample of male and female inmates (N = 266) in two prisons (remand and sentenced) in Western Canada. Our research asks: what are the self-reported victimization histories of currently incarcerated men and women prior to first charge (i.e., before becoming known offenders) and during their life-course? As a second objective, we discuss how we sought to mobilize our findings to change relevant policy and police practice. We found that the overwhelming majority of our female participants had experienced violent, sexual, or property victimization throughout their life course; the majority had experienced victimization prior to first charge. Based on our findings, the local police service introduced victim services for the incarcerated population as well as made changes to their recruit training program to make new police officers aware of the victim–offender overlap and its effects. If replicated, the introduction of victim services for inmates in other jurisdictions and the education of police officers on the victim–offender overlap would emphasize the humanitarian recognition of supporting victims who need help, while also having a series of subsidiary benefits with respect to re-offending, resiliency, and police legitimacy.     

The Importance of Ecological Context for Correctional Rehabilitation Programs: Understanding the Micro- and Macro-Level Dimensions of Successful Offender Treatment

The resurgence of support for offender rehabilitation has led to an increased emphasis on correctional program integrity. Treatment programs are now being evaluated and tailored in accordance with the principles of effective intervention, which are rooted primarily in methods of individual behavior modification through a social learning approach. The problem with this exclusive focus on the individual is that it fails to recognize the importance of certain ecological factors that have been shown to be significant predictors of recidivism. The purpose of the current research, therefore, is to examine the impact of structural characteristics on both treatment program quality and effectiveness of halfway house programs in Ohio. Our results reveal that ecological context influences the magnitude of program treatment effects largely indirectly though its influence on program quality. The implications of these findings for correctional theory and practice are discussed.     

从新中国警服变迁看广东警官学院历史发展

作为人民警察权力和形象标志的警服,见证着新中国警察各个时期的历史。与新中国同龄的广东警官学院创建60多年以来,同样与新中国警服的变迁息息相关,风雨与共。