一事一议财政奖补政策效应分析与建议——以黑龙江省为例

一事一议财政奖补政策有效地利用了公共财政,并有偏重地无偿资助农村公益事业结构中较为薄弱的环节,形成了政府在准公共产品领域推动农村公益事业投资的引导机制,体现了地方政府对村级公益事业领域管理的宗旨与目的,促进了农村一事一议制度的有效开展和农村小型公益事业建设的快速发展。文章认为,该政策在试点的过程中需要简化奖补程序、调整奖补办法、因地制宜制定奖补标准,并通过完善政策来进一步推动村级公益事业建设。     

Financial management conservatism under constraints: tax and expenditure limits and local deficit financing during the Great Recession

This paper investigates the relationship between tax and expenditure limits (TELs) and local government deficit financing decisions following the recent recession. Cities under the resource constraints are hypothesised to practise conservatism in financial management decisions and thus less likely to deficit finance during difficult times. Using data from 2005 to 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports of the 50 largest US cities, this paper finds that cities subject to a binding TEL are more likely to control expenditure growth from pre-crisis years to years following the recession; these cities are also less likely to increase deficit financing following the recession, as indicated by a relative increase in their net assets. Although continuous deficit erodes fiscal sustainability and is an undesirable management practice, deficit financing during recessions may be needed for smoothing expenditure and sustaining service provision. The management conservatism associated with the fiscal rules may contribute to the cyclicality of local spending.     

Buying schools with social capital: how local response to state reform fosters education revenue inequality

In this article, the author tests the hypothesis that social capital leads to greater inequality in public school revenue. Research has linked social capital – the manifestation of social networks of trust and shared norms – to efforts that can alleviate inequality. By conducting a comparative analysis of the counties and school districts in California, this article finds competing evidence. Instead, the author finds that local areas with more membership associations generate more revenue for their schools, despite efforts by the state government to equalise revenue across districts. The local residents appear to be increasing their revenue by using their social capital to generate the collective action needed to increase their property-tax contribution.     

Public campaign financing and the rise of radical-right parties

While public campaign financing is often thought of as a way to “level the playing field” of elections, I argue that such policies may have unintended second-order consequences. Namely, that increasing the degree to which public funding drives political campaigns disproportionately aids radical-right parties. This is a counter-intuitive result, as public financing of elections has recently become an important issue for those on the political left as a method to restore power to the majority. Rather, it seems to aid not only those on the right, but those on the political fringe. Through a cross-national analysis of 328 lower-house elections in 20 advanced democracies, I demonstrate that public financing serves to significantly increase vote-share of the radical-right.     

民间金融：自由与规制

民间金融具有存在的客观必然性,我国法律应对民间金融采取消极自由和利益平衡的价值取向。对具有较大影响的全国性民间金融组织予以立法规制,达到民间金融秩序法制化。民间金融本质是财产自由和金融民主,应引导民间金融良性发展,强化民间金融监管,防范金融风险,培育民间金融市场。     

The Capture Theory of Regulations—Revisited

Amidst the rekindled interest in regulating the market that has emerged since the 2008 financial crisis, most attention has been paid to the debate between those who call for more regulation of the private sector in order to protect the public good, and those who claim that such regulations would do further damage to the economy by unduly constraining business. This essay seeks to refocus the debate about regulation by examining an alternative criticism––the theory of regulatory capture––which argues that regulations are routinely and predictably 'captured' and manipulated to serve the interests of those who are supposed to be subject to them, or the bureaucrats and legislators who write or control them. Ample evidence suggests that regulatory capture is indeed widespread and takes a variety of forms, which are reviewed here. Rather than debating whether more or less regulations are needed, the paper suggests that what is needed is a way to make regulations stronger––more capture-proof. It closes with a major policy change that would help accomplish this goal.

中国农村金融体制三十年改革的回顾与评价

“三农”问题始终是影响中国经济发展和社会稳定的重大问题,而“三农”问题的解决直接或间接依赖于农村金融的支持。改革开放以来,我国农村金融体制发生了深刻的变革,农村金融在服务“三农”方面发挥了重要作用。但农村金融体制改革始终没有突破旧体制的框架,已成为制约我国农村经济发展和社会主义新农村建设的重要因素。文章在回顾三十年农村金融体制改革历史的基础上,分析了当前我国农村金融体系存在的问题,并就如何进一步深化农村金融体制改革,建立现代农村金融制度提出了相应的建议。     

制税权·财政危机·赋税结构--中、俄、英封建晚期财税体制比较

中、俄、英3国封建晚期财税体制代表了3种不同的国家政权功能,通过比较中、俄、英3国在制税权、财政危机表现及应对方式、赋税结构的异同,可以看出在世界启动向近代过渡的时刻,中、俄、英3国经济结构的差异和未来发展道路的大致轨迹。     

基础设施投资与公共财政

市场经济条件下,公共财政是基础设施的投资主体,建立公共财政框架体系对推进基础设施建设具有十分重要意义;经济理论上基础设施应该完全由公共财政投资,然而实践中必须根据客观需要,充分利用社会资本促进基础设施建设.     

新时期政府采购监督机制研究

政府采购制度是一国公共行政制度的重要组成部分,在行政过程和社会生活中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。然而,现代化的政府采购制度并不是自然而然地就能良好地运转,而必须要有一定的制度支持才能实现其建立的初衷。因此,必须建立和完善以法制监督、内部监督、外部监督、供应商监督四位一体的、全方位的监督机制,以确保我国政府采购制度的良性发展。