山西忻州公安机关“十进家”活动调研报告

今年4月份以来,山西忻州公安机关开展了以构建新型和谐警民关系为基本内涵的“十进家”活动。活动开展的初期,就取得了巨大的成效和强烈的社会反响。“十进家”活动的开展促进了当地乃至全省公安工作和公安队伍建设的进步与发展,也对当地和谐社会建设做出了有益的贡献。通过深度的调查研究,我们以党的十七大推动科学发展,促进社会和谐的精神为主线,以“十进家”活动为基本素材,从讲政治的高度和学理的层面,分析探讨了“十进家”活动对和谐社会建设的意义和作用,尤其是从公安工作全面、协调、健康和持续进步与发展的角度,对“十进家”进一步开展过程中的深度辐射作用,做了拓展性的研究和思考。     

论家庭承包经营制度的“三个转变”

我国农村土地经营制度的改革历程,经历了三个根本性的转变:一是从"家庭联产承包责任制"到"家庭承包经营制度"的转变;二是从债权型的家庭承包经营到物权化的家庭承包经营的转变;三是土地经营从短期承包到长期使用的转变.这三个转变确立了农民在市场经济条件下实行家庭承包经营的主体地位,赋予了农民长期而有保障的土地使用权.     

物权法下的农村宅基地使用权探析

宅基地使用权是农村村民依法享有的,为建造自有房屋在集体所有的土地上占有、使用,以及建造、保有房屋及附属设施的一种具有中国特色的用益物权,带有成员性色彩的福利性的集体权利。物权法对于宅基地使用权的规定具有重要的意义,但是,其规定过于简单,并且存在着多种不周延之处。我们应当完善宅基地使用权登记制度,肯定有限制的流转,并规定在取得宅基地使用权后,应当在一定期限内投入使用,以加快宅基地的利用,发挥其价值。     

Guaranteed Rotation in Office: A ‘New’ Model Of Democracy

Although once a classic democratic ideal, rotation in office is nowadays seen more as a natural consequence of competitive elections than a goal in its own right. But this article proposes that a strict rota, with each group taking a turn in office, might be preferable to ordinary electoral democracy in certain sorts of countries: nascent democracies, divided societies with persistent minorities and failed one‐party democracies. Ways are suggested of combining intraparty democracy with interparty rotation.     

人口老龄化与老年人力资源开发研究——以扬州市老年人力资源为例

随着社会经济的发展,我国人口老龄化日益严重。人口老龄化对经济、政治、文化等方面都产生了重要的影响。本文认为开发老年人力资源是促进社会和谐、保障人力资源有效供给的有效手段,文章通过对我国当前老龄化数据分析,将扬州市的老年人口作为具体的研究对象,阐述我国老年人力资源开发的背景及现状,对现有养老模式进行分析,从而提出一种创新型的养老模式即"一院两制"的养老院,设计了一套针对这个养老院的管理信息系统,以实现我国老年人力资源的合理开发与有效利用。     

The Importance of Design in Affordable Housing: Lessons From Mutual Self-Help Housing in California

We focus on three nonprofit organizations developing mutual self-help housing and analyze their projects to examine how they are addressing cost increases. We find that instead of using simpler designs, they are developing more elaborate homes through intricate financing. We are critical of this evolution. First, we suggest that the original modest house design of mutual self-help housing allowed for more affordable housing through post-occupancy improvements and de facto incremental development. Second, after the modest design was replaced with a larger model, development costs increased. Despite financial innovations, including longer loan terms and secondary financing, participation by poor households dropped. Third, we urge a return to the modest housing idea. Fourth, we call for policymakers to better integrate design-based thinking in housing policy.     

新时期看守所“牢头狱霸”治理对策

当前我国处在社会主义初级阶段全面建设小康社会的历史新时期,看守所羁押形势和“牢头狱霸”活动方式和行为特征出现新变化.预防看守所“牢头狱霸”要全面落实《看守所防范和打击牢头狱霸”十条规定》,贯彻直接管理原则,实行监管民警交流轮岗等;打击处理“牢头狱霸”活动要做到打“早”、打“小”,坚持区别对待、宽严相济,实行心理矫治、寓教于管,加强队伍管理,实现标本兼治.     

The Jews of early modern Marburg, 1640s—1800

This article examines Jewish household and family organization in a middle-sized German city, the Upper Hessian regional center of Marburg, the population of which ranged from 2500 to 6000 from the Thirty Years War to the end of the 18th century. Some general hypotheses about population development, household structure, and family life conveniently summarized by Toch [Toch, M. (1995). Aspects of stratification in early modern German Jewry: Population history and village Jews. In R. P. Hsia & H. Lehmann (Eds.). In and out of the ghetto: Jewish-Gentile relations in late medieval and early modern Germany (pp. 77-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] serve as an organizational frame for the case study. In Toch's view, Jews' comparative wealth, as well as governmental restrictions on their settlement and marriage in central Europe, led to their having larger and more complex households than those of the Christian majority. While household enumerations over time confirm several of Toch's observations, especially the larger size of Jewish families, neither Hessian settlement policy nor local Marburg opposition prevented the Jewish minority of about 1% from keeping pace with general population growth. Moreover, Jews did not respond to their regulated living conditions and status as cultural outsiders with a family organization exhibiting remarkably more internal complexity than did Christian households.     

Demographic aspects of the Greek household: The case of Preveza (18th century)

The demography of the Greek household is investigated within the context of the town of Preveza. The size, age, and sex composition and structure of the household are also considered. Two detailed censuses of the town are used: the first carried out in 1719, and the second, around 1780. The mean household size has been calculated: 4.24 for 1719 and 4.36 for c. 1780. Analysis of the data shows a clear predominance of males, particularly among the young, and of simple family households. Results presented here need to be seen in the light of other regions of Greece, since few studies yet exist.     

Age patterns of migration among Korean adults in early 20th-century Seoul

In this study, we examine age patterns of migration among adults who resided in Seoul in the early twentieth century. We use information, obtained from the Seoul household registers, on the length of time these adults lived in their current residences to estimate age-specific migration rates and construct migration life tables. Our findings point to the following: First, Seoul residents were quite mobile. On average, during the early twentieth century, Seoul residents moved approximately four times between their primary working ages of 15 and 64. Second, upper-class individuals were more mobile than lower-class individuals. While the upper-class individuals moved approximately five times between ages 15 and 65, the lower-class individuals moved less than three times. This class differential can be explained because Korean bureaucrats experienced frequent duty changes during this period. Third, household composition also affected migration rates. We compare our results with European migration studies and discuss the implications of these finding on urbanization that occurred in early twentieth century Seoul.