China Has the World’s Fastest Growth in Living Standards简

正ONE of the strangest claims about China that sometimes appear in the media is that it has a slow growth of consumption and living standards.In reality China has the fastest growth of consumption of any country in the world–whether this is measured only by household consumption or includes government consumption in areas vital for quality of life,such as education and health.Furthermore,indicators show that compared to other countries,China’s quality of life is better than would be expected from its present stage of economic development.First the facts regarding these issues are established and then they will be analyzed.     

农村土地承包经营权的继承问题探析

农村土地承包经营权能否作为继承标的,在理论上及《继承法》的修订中颇有争议。农户以家庭承包方式取得的土地承包经营权,是一种特殊的用益物权,具有福利性和社会保障功能,户内成员均具有特殊的身份并因此形成特殊的准共有关系。户内成员部分死亡时,由于"户"还存在,仅产生生存成员的权利扩张问题,而不存在继承问题;户内成员全部死亡的,承包关系终止,应由发包人收回承包地,也不发生继承问题,唯林地的承包经营权有所例外。而以其他方式承包取得的四荒地的承包经营权,其主体无特定的身份限制,也不承载社会保障功能,作为自然人的承包人死亡时,其承包经营权应可作为遗产。承包地因被征收而获得的补偿费的继承问题,亦应区别不同费用而作不同的对待。     

The patriarchy index: a comparative study of power relations across historical Europe

This article stands at the confluence of three streams of historical social science analysis: the sociological study of power relations within the family, the regional demography of historical Europe, and the study of spatial patterning of historical family forms in Europe. It is a first exercise in the design and application of a new ‘master variable’ for cross-cultural studies of family organization and relations. This indexed composite measure, which the authors call the Index of Patriarchy, incorporates a range of variables related to familial behaviour, including nuptiality and age at marriage, living arrangements, post-marital residence, power relations within domestic groups, the position of the aged, and the sex of the offspring. The index combines all these items, with each being given equal weight in the calculation of the final score, which represents the varying degrees of sex- and age-related social inequality (‘patriarchal bias’) in different societal and familial settings. In order to explore the comparative advantages of the index, the authors use information from census and census-like microdata for 91 regions of historical Europe covering more than 700,000 individuals living in 143,000 domestic groups, from the Atlantic to the Urals. The index allows the authors to identify regions with different degrees of patriarchy within a single country, across the regions of a single country, or across and within many broader zones of historical Europe. The unprecedented patterning of the many elements of power relations and agency contained in the index generates new ways of accounting for both the geographies and the histories of family organization across the European landmass.     

Mosaic: recovering surviving census records and reconstructing the familial history of Europe

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the demand for global data on historical family systems, both in the social sciences and in the humanities. Until lately, however, scholars interested in historical global family variation had to rely on simplified and often ahistorical world-scale classifications of family systems by world geographic regions. This article communicates Mosaic to the scholarly community – one of the largest infrastructural projects in the history of historical demography and family sociology. The article provides a brief history of the project, a discussion of the main issues involved in creating the database (including sampling and representativeness), and Mosaic's data structure and coverage. In the remainder of the article, the authors provide an overview of methodological and research opportunities that the project can offer to scholars, showing how the most pertinent problems of historical family demography can be tackled in more systematic ways than previously.     

mtDNA技术及其在诉讼和事故调查中的应用

本文系统编译整理了线粒体及线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)技术。mtDNA 技术对刑侦、刑事审判与辩护、重大灾害事故调查和民事诉讼以及战争阵亡者母系血统关系认定具有广泛的作用。执法人员、刑事被告人、民事诉讼参与人了解 mtDNA 技术与 DNA 指纹技术的区别才能有效地利用 mtDNA 技术,避免错案和合法权益受到损害。     

在经济复苏中推进循环经济发展——基于实施家电以旧换新政策的分析

家电以旧换新政策具有经济与环保的双重效应,其政策实施方案是促进经济复苏举措中有利于中国循环经济发展的典型代表,应从推进家电产业发展循环经济的高度,在生产者环保责任、行业规划与支持政策、信息管理、环保法规宣传与执行等方面做出进一步努力。     

略论“两少一宽”刑事政策——以乌鲁木齐“7·5”事件为视角

乌鲁木齐＂7.5＂事件的发生表明＂两少一宽＂政策的适用存在重大误区：人为地扩大＂两少一宽＂政策的适用空间和犯罪行为的受害对象,从而产生严重的社会后果。全面理解＂两少一宽＂政策的关键要点就在于必须把＂两少一宽＂政策的适用严格限制在民族自治地方的少数民族本民族之间的犯罪行为上,只有这样才能消除＂两少一宽＂政策的适用的＂盗户效应＂。     

农村宅基地使用权流转再探——兼谈小产权房合法化问题

小产权房合法化问题的核心是农村宅基地使用权流转的限制问题。我国现行法律实际上并没有禁止农村宅基地使用权的转让。从理论角度和现状考察分析,农民对其拥有的宅基地使用权都应该有权自由流转,因此小产权房合法化有其合理依据。我国应完善相关立法并逐步放开宅基地使用权流转限制,还农民的主人地位,使农民真正拥有宅基地房屋的支配权。     

H9亚型禽流感病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

通过分析流感数据库中123个HA序列,根据HA保守区序列设计并合成了1对引物,建立了一步法RT-PCR检测方法,预期扩增片段大小为732 bp。通过对H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)不同稀释度的尿囊液和棉拭子浸出液进行检测,证实病毒尿囊液的最低检出量为1×104.7EID50/mL;阳性棉拭子的最低检出量为1×102.5EID50/mL。用该方法检测H1~H15亚型AIV和鸡新城疫病毒等其他14种禽病病原,结果仅有H9亚型AIV出现特异性目的条带,而其他均未出现目的条带。脏器及咽喉、泄殖腔棉拭子样品在1∶10稀释度下,病毒分离和RT-PCR方法可以达到相同的阳性检出率。表明建立的AIV H9亚型RT-PCR方法具有较好的特异性和敏感性。     

人事部经理与工会主席身份合一的角色辨析

在对基层工会的实地调查中发现,许多企业中存在着人事部经理与工会主席身份合一的现象。二者的角色特征存在着本质不同,身份合一的局面导致了角色冲突,并造成了一定的体制性弊端。因此应该从明晰角色、明确职责、摆脱依附关系几个方面对工会主席进行角色调试。