论隐私权的宪法保护——以自媒体时代为分析背景

自媒体在彰显言论自由之对,也打开了一扇偷窥公民隐私之窗.在宪法视野下,隐私权已经超越部门法的疆域上升为一项基本人权.在自媒体时代,侵犯公民隐私权的特征表现为隐蔽性、侵财性、便捷性和严重性,隐私权的传统法律保护模式遭遇了新的挑战.宪法对公民隐私权加以保护有其合理性与必要性.隐私权的宪法保护路径在于明确隐私权是一项列举的人权,强化违宪审查制度的贯彻执行,并通过部门法落实和实施该项权利,建立一个由宪法统领的、由部门法具体实施的、多层级和全方位的立体保护架构.     

行业性劳动争议调解效率体系的法规范分析

行业性劳动争议调解的效率体系是影响其运用机会与效果的重要方面，其效率价值的关键又在 于行业性劳动争议调解与司法确认、劳动仲裁审查的衔接。基于现行的规范体系，由于司法确认与仲裁审查两 套机制的差异性表现以及司法确认中并行规则的安排，导致程序法理混乱、程序正当性不足、审查标准不一， 进而在客观上减损了行业性劳动争议调解制度效率价值，这些问题与立法分散、程序价值定位不清晰密切相关。 解决以上问题，应当将程序同质化作为解决问题的基本导向，改革立法分散且位阶低的现状，推动司法确认程 序“二元化”格局向“一元化”转变，推动司法确认与劳动仲裁审查标准的一致性以及修正程序的价值追求。     

氯喹类药物在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中的试用及其法医毒理学研究进展

氯喹类药物是一类历史悠久的处方药,临床常用于抗疟疾及结缔组织病的治疗。2019年12月以来,在我国各地和世界多国发生了由2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情。由于缺乏针对COVID-19的药物,导致该病迅速蔓延且死亡率较高,因此亟待快速筛选抗2019-nCoV的特效药物,已批准使用的抗疟药磷酸氯喹被证实具有抗2019-nCoV的作用,并被纳入诊疗指南。但对磷酸氯喹引起急性中毒甚至死亡的风险意识也应同时加强,当前临床推荐剂量较以往治疗疟疾用药剂量偏大、疗程偏长,多地已要求临床密切监测不良反应。本文从法医学的角度,对氯喹类药物的药理作用、中毒与毒理作用机制、体内代谢与分布及法医学鉴定要点进行综述,以期为法医学实践及临床工作提供帮助。     

Scientific Research on the Efficiency of Public Expenditures: How and Where is it Going?

ABSTRACT

Recent scientific research has advanced the measurement of the relative performance of organizations and the efficiency of public spending, based on analyzes of the services offered and results achieved. However, from the methodological point of view, there are several methods to analyze the performance and efficiency of spending in the private and public sectors. In this sense, the present study performs a systematic bibliometric review to analyze all scientific publications on the efficiency of public spending published in the last 20 years. The results show that most cost-efficiency analyzes have been limited to education and health expenditures and have used quantitative analysis, mainly through the application of data-involution analysis. The present review is a first step in mapping scientific publications on efficiency in public spending, which will support researchers and managers to make public spending more efficient.     

The accuracy and reliability of the Suchey–Brooks pubic symphysis age estimation method: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Suchey–Brooks method has been studied many times with varying reports of accuracy and reliability. A systematic review and meta-analyses were utilized to quantitatively determine the accuracy and reliability of the Suchey–Brooks (S-B) method. A systematic search of PubMed and EBSCO health and medical databases was performed. Meta-analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between actual known age at death and the S-B method using Spearman's Rho and Pearson's r for (1) combined males and females estimates, (2) male-only estimates, and (3) female-only estimates. Overall correlation coefficient using Cohen's kappa, Spearman's Rho, and Pearson's r was also calculated to determine the interrater and intrarater reliability using the S-B method. Eighteen studies classified as moderate-to-high methodological quality met the inclusion criteria. The sample sizes were different for the combined male and female (n = 2620), male-only (n = 2602), and female-only (n = 1431) meta-analyses. The effect size of the age at death meta-analyses was large and significant for combined males and females (Spearman's Rho = 0.62; Pearson's r = 0.65), male-only (Spearman's Rho = 0.77; Pearson's r = 0.75), and female-only (Spearman's Rho = 0.71; Pearson's r = 0.71). The overall correlation coefficients of the interrater (Kappa = 0.76; Spearman's Rho = 0.73; Pearson's r = 0.80) and intrarater (Kappa = 0.81; Spearman's Rho = 0.91; Pearson's r = 0.83) reliability meta-analyses were large and significant. A significant degree of heterogeneity was present in all meta-analyses, with minimal evidence of publication bias. The meta-analyses results suggest the S-B method is highly reliable with a moderate-to-high degree of accuracy. Our results also identified sample size and accuracy differences between male and female individuals.     

论我国监狱管理行为的司法审查

特别权力关系理论的渗透以及对监狱管理行为性质认识的误区,导致监狱管理行为长期游离于司法审查范围之外,导致服刑人员权益得不到切实维护。将监狱管理行为纳入司法审查具有重要意义,但基于服刑人员的特殊地位,只有日常的、涉及到"重要事项"的监狱管理行为,且在服刑人员穷尽内部救济的情况下才能提起诉讼。     

建立我国反倾销司法审查制度的探讨

我国一旦“入世”,建立反倾销司法审查制度即成为我国必须履行的国际义务,故这一制度的建立已迫在眉睫,这一制度的设计应遵循以行政诉讼法的原则规定为指导、密度联系反倾销实践的特殊情况及借鉴国餐先进立法经验等基本原则,反倾销司法审查受案范围,应为有关机关在倾调查中作出的、会对利害关系方权利义务产生综合性影响的决定及裁决。审查模式应以法律审为主,事实审不能“无”,但要“弱”。应设立专门法院,负责反倾销司法审查。     

刑事诉讼程序法律责任论

刑事诉讼法是规范刑事诉讼活动的法律规范总和。刑事诉讼目的的实现仰赖于国家司法机关和刑事诉讼当事人、诉讼参与人对刑事诉讼程序规范的遵守。目前我国刑事诉讼程序违法现象较为严重,其原因除了“重实体、轻程序”的传统外,刑事诉讼程序法律责任制度的缺失也是重要的原因。刑事诉讼程序法律责任的存在有其正当的哲学根据、宪法根据、逻辑根据及现实基础。我国必须确立以程序性法律后果为主体的刑事程序法律责任基础,以司法审查和程序裁判为责任实现途径的刑事诉讼程序保障机制。     

Share Capital and Creditor Protection: Efficient Rules for a Modern Company Law

This article examines the case for rules of company law which regulate the raising and maintenance of share capital by companies. The enquiry has practical relevance because the content of company law is currently under review, and the rules relating to share capital have been singled out for particular attention. The existing rules, which apply generally, are commonly rationalised as a means of protecting corporate creditors. The analysis considers whether such rules can be understood as responses to failures in the markets for corporate credit. It suggests that whilst the current rules are unlikely, on the whole, to be justified in terms of efficiency, a case may be made for a framework within which companies may 'opt in' to customised restrictions on dealings in their share capital.     

论我国宪法监督制度的健全和完善

我国现行宪法监督制度存在明显的缺陷,尤其是没有专门的宪法监督机构,违宪审查较为薄弱。当今世界有议会或权力机关监督、普通法院监督和专门机构监督三种宪法监督模式。中国应立足国情,总结和借鉴外国先进的立法模式和经验,设立专门的宪法监督机构,即独立的宪法专门委员会,有效地审查和纠正违宪行为,以完善我国的宪法运行机制,充分发挥作为根本法宪法的作用。