宪政审查中法院与民主的矛盾及解决方式评析——一种比较法的视角

法院与民主之间的矛盾是实行宪政审查制度的国家面临的共同问题,本文从三个方面阐述矛盾的存在:对议会立法进行审查的必要性,由独立的司法性质的机构——法院作为审查主体的正当性和宪政审查实践中存在的法院与民主之间的紧张关系;从比较法的角度对解决矛盾的方式——修宪和法院的自我约束进行了评析,以期对我国的宪政建设有所帮助。     

The Ubiquitous Book Review

If case-notes are considered to be a lowly form of legal literature, book reviews could come even lower. Law book-reviews, whenever themselves the subject of legal commentary, are seen to be done badly. Lacking the discipline of the legal opinion, law-book reviewing ranges between the pedantic and the perfunctory, with room for indulgence in the personal and the polemic. There are no established techniques for law-book reviewing. There are no criteria for critical appreciation. Law-book reviewing, which lacks any discernable ground-rules, proceeds intuitively without reference to explicit standards or established expertise. This is odd because the literary tradition of book-reviewing was first established by a lawyer whose concept was that of putting books on legal trial. The literary review is thus strongly grounded in legal method. The present shortcomings of the law-book review denote not only literary shortcomings but also failures of legal method. The conventional law review provides the evidence, no less than it carries much of the blame for the decline in law-book reviewing. One obvious standard of reference for the declining law-book review continues to be the higher forms of literary review. This standard calls for renewed interest in law and literature.     

台湾当局对大陆企业在台经贸活动的安全审查--司法机构的角色与功能

台湾当局针对大陆在台经贸活动的安全审查,以“台湾地区与大陆地区人民关系条例”为核心,构建起一套台湾地区宪制性规定、“法律”和“命令”相衔接的规范体系,落实对大陆企业在台经贸活动的特殊管制。台湾地区法院的司法审查,在概括授权的审查、安全标准的审查和比例原则的运用方面,未能发挥司法的纠正作用,反而在规范适用时创造新的安全规范依据,在司法审查标准上放低要求,为大陆企业在台经贸活动安全审查遭受显失公平的严苛处理做辩护。这不仅践踏法律基本原则,侵害在台大陆企业的合法权益,更会阻碍两岸经济合作发展,给台湾地区对外经济合作造成负面影响。     

秘密监听司法审查制度研究

秘密监听作为一种高科技刑事侦查手段,在侦查实践中被广泛应用。而我国目前对秘密监听措施的实施是由侦查机关内部审查批准的。由于缺乏外部监督,因而导致权力的滥用并使公民权利处于危险境地;将其纳入法典的调整范围并设立健全的司法审查机制,业已成为改革与完善刑事侦查措施的当务之急。     

国有企业改革30年的回顾与思考

我国国企改革已经进行了30年,既取得了巨大的成绩,也积累了宝贵的经验和教训。但是国企改革的任务仍未完成：建立和完善现代企业制度有很多工作要做;国有经济布局结构仍不尽合理;垄断企业改革任务艰巨;国有企业创新能力不强;改革遗留问题需要解决;国有资产管理体制有待改进。只要把经济体制改革和政治体制改革结合起来,加快改革行政管理体制、建设服务型政府的步伐,我们一定能胜利完成国企改革尚未完成的任务。     

Predatory journals and meetings in forensic sciences: what every expert needs to know about this "parasitic" publishing model

The emergence of the Internet has transformed all areas of society. This includes the universe of scientific publications, with several publishers now exclusively focusing on the electronic format and open access model while expanding to a megajournal scope. In this context, the pandemic of predatory open access journals (POAJs) and meetings are of grave concern to the academic and research community. This new shift within academia produces a variety of new victims; namely, the authors themselves. In turn, scientific knowledge is often discredited, with the public placing less trust in science. Now more than ever, performing research with integrity and selecting a journal in which to publish requires close attention and expertise. The "predatory movement" has developed increasingly sophisticated techniques for misleading people into believing what seem to be credible professional layouts and legitimate invitations. Initiatives such as the Jeffrey Beall's list, the Cabell's Scholarly Analytics and Think.Check.Submit offer some guidance to uncover the "parasitic" intervention of predatory journals and meetings, but specific education in this field is sorely needed. This work aims to review the main characteristics of predatory journals and meetings and to analyze this topic in the context of forensic and legal medicine research.     

民事诉讼二审发回重审制度的重新审视——兼评《民事诉讼法修正案》第40条之规定

二审发回重审制度是我国民事诉讼程序的重要组成部分。该制度在司法实践中显现出诉讼效益低、诉讼成本高、两审法院之间组织管理出现矛盾等制度瓶颈问题。新近施行的《民事诉讼法修正案》第40条对其作出了最新的修正,包括缩减适用范围、合理限定程序事由、规定使用次数等。但本次修法仍存在较大局限性,如对实体事由修正不彻底、未有效限制自由裁量权、对发回重审的裁定格式及拘束力未明确等。重新审视该制度并对之进行改良,可从明确规定法定事由、充分尊重当事人主体地位、增加救济程序以及明确发回重审裁定的格式及拘束力等方面加以探索。     

逮捕必要性审查及工作机制探究

逮捕作为一种最严厉的强制措施,能有效保护被害人的合法权利,保证刑事诉讼顺利进行。2012年修订的《刑事诉讼法》对逮捕的审查标准及必要性条件做了相应的修正和补充,在此情形下,进一步完善逮捕必要性审查工作的指导理念和审查标准,建立健全逮捕工作,准确适用＂社会危险性＂评估机制和保障机制很有必要。     

审查逮捕阶段预警机制及处置预案探讨

突发事件预警和处置是检察机关亟需解决的具有现实性和必要性的问题,审查逮捕阶段又是检察机关首当其冲对突发事件进行预警和处置的关键环节。目前该阶段还存在预警和处置工作尚未建立、预警级别不统一、与政府应急管理部门如何协作无规定等多种问题。审查逮捕阶段要建立立体预警体系,对突发事件果断处置,并与政府部门协同合作,建立新闻发布制度。