Analyzing Territorial and Sectorial Dimensions of Public–Private Partnerships in Science,Technology, and Innovation policies

The performance of innovation systems depends, to a great extent, on the degree of public–private collaboration they involve. Thus, innovation policies often aim to enhance this collaboration through public–private partnerships. These partnerships are a multidimensional phenomenon whose success depends on factors related to each of their dimensions. This paper proposes the use of an analytical model that reflects the multidimensional nature of public–private partnerships and analyses to what extent they are applied in a specific innovation system in order to identify the territorial and sectorial factors that act as barriers or drivers to use them. This model aims to help policy makers design appropriate public–private partnerships in each context. The case under review is the Spanish innovation system, given that this system has been suffering from a structural lack of collaboration for several decades, despite the implementation of policies aimed to foster this. Thus, if the model works, it should be able to identify key factors that influence greater or more restricted use of the different PPP formulas.     

La evolución del crimen de lesa humanidad en el derecho penal internacional*

Due to its “ex novo” character and the lack of a definition provided by a treaty, crimes against humanity have been evolutionarily defined by different international norms and by the jurisdictional activity of the International criminal tribunals that have been established throughout recent history up until the creation of the International Criminal Court. Thus, both positive and customary International criminal law have represented a competent judicial cooperative way to face these acts, first and foremost, by developing its gradual conceptualization and final codification and, secondly, through enabling the prosecution and the punishment of those responsible for these crimes. Accordingly, the evolution of the crimes against humanity’s definition is an outstanding legal element, which has contributed to the further consolidation of international criminal law.     

Development of Rapid and Economical Colorimetric Screening Method for p‐Phenylenediamine in Variety of Biological Matrices and its Application to Eleven Fatal Cases of p‐Phenylenediamine Poisoning

A rapid colorimetric method for detection of p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) in various biological samples is developed. The o‐cresol test for acetaminophen detection has been modified to detect PPD in blood, urine, gastric contents, and liver. After precipitating protein with trichloroacetic acid solution (2 mL, 10% w/v), biological specimens were required to convert PPD metabolites to PPD by acid hydrolysis. Finally, o‐cresol solution (1 mL, 1% w/v), hydrogen peroxide (200 μL, 3%v/v), and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (0.5 mL) were added in the biological samples. The presence of PPD was indicated by formation of violet color which was turned to bluish green color within 10–15 min. The limit of detection was found to be 2 mg/L in blood, urine, and gastric contents and 2 mg/Kg in liver. This method is also free from any potential interference by p‐aminophenol, acetaminophen, and other amine drugs under test conditions. This method was successfully employed to thirteen fatal cases of PPD poisoning.     

Comparison of p30 and acid phosphatase levels in post-coital vaginal swabs from donor and casework studies

The application of p30 detection to casework analysis of seminal traces on vaginal swabs is reported and compared with the levels of acid phosphatase determined.A simple crossed-over immunoelectrophoresis system was used for batch identification of swab extracts using a commercially obtained anti-p30 serum.Positive p30 results were obtained in less than 20% of the casework swab extracts, but they provide conclusive proof of the presence of semen which is a substantial advantage over the quantitative determination of acid phosphatase.     

La sumisión del poder público al derecho en el civil law y en el common law: estado de derecho,rule of law y su expansión al ámbito internacional

Generally regarded as synonyms, the Rule of Law and the Rechsstaat are different. There are between the two legal institutions substantial differences that we must distinguish rigorously. The idea of the public power submission to the law —expressed through both theoretical constructions— has gone beyond the State borders and, progressively, made its way into international scenario. For some authors, the root for the application of the principle of the Rule of Law to interstate relationships, within international society, could date back to the XVIII century. However, it was until a few years ago that the Rule of Law analysis, from a sttrictly international point of view, started to take off. In this article the author analyzes the differences between the Rechsstaat and the Rule of Law in order to study the extension of these conceptions and how it could be applied to highlight the preeminence of law at international level.     

学会经营:发展公安院校的新理念

学会经营应是我国公安院校发展的新理念,对此,我们应当树立成本意识,优化公安院校布局,提高公安教育办学效益;经营多元化,在搞好公安类教育的基础上,兼办非公安类教育;多方融资,建立有利于公安教育产业健康发展的资金筹措机制;建立激励机制,在内部管理上激发活力,提高效率;树立品牌意识,做好做精“特色教育”;要有大市场意识,把培养的人才推荐到全国去。     

p38MAPK信号转导通路与组织损伤

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)是广泛表达的丝氨酸/酪氨酸激酶,在哺乳动物细胞多种信号转导通路中起重要作用。MAPK有4个主要亚族:ERK、p38MAPK、JNK和ERK5。p38信号通路是MAPK通路的一重要分支,它在炎症、细胞应激、凋亡、细胞周期和生长等多种生理和病理过程中起重要作用。本文就p38MAPK的分型、分布、信号通路的组成及其在法医损伤学领域中的应用现状做一综述,旨在进一步对组织损伤程度和伤后时间推断的法医病理学研究提供参考资料。     

To P or not to P? The Usefulness of P‐values in Quantitative Political Science Research

This contribution gives a short overview over the mechanics of significance testing in inferential statistics, in particular linear models, and tries to put the discussion about the usefulness of p‐values into a broader perspective of scientific practise. This discussion needs to be embedded into the larger debate about the credibility crises faced by empirical social science research. In particular, it seems of utmost importance to discuss what the profession as a whole, journals, publishers, as well as editors can do to encourage better research practise that generates reliable and useful empirical findings.     

山羊痘病毒感染绵羊的诊断及其p32基因的分子分析

采用细胞培养方法从发生羊痘的绵羊肺组织中分离到1株山羊痘病毒GPV/GSgulang/09,对分离株的p32基因进行了PCR-RFLP和序列比对分析.结果显示,GPV/GSgulang/09株p32基因的扩增产物被Hinf I酶切后出现山羊痘病毒(GPV)特征性的2条带;p32基因序列第166～168位缺失绵羊痘病毒(...     

Judges and CEOs: French Aspects of Corporate Governance

The debate about corporate governance has brought to the front stage the notion of social interest or interest of the company itself as distinct of its stakeholders. French Law, judges, and CEOs use this notion with different meanings and intentions. The judges refer to it mainly to guarantee the continuity of the firm, especially when the latter faces economic difficulties; the CEOs refer to it to keep a free hand in managing the company. Shareholders see the notion as ambiguous and mostly used against their own interest. Shareholders and company interest do not merge. They differ on the industrial relations policy they induce and in the management freedom bestowed on CEOs. A reform of French Company Law currently under discussion seeks conciliation while trying to comply with the principles of corporate governance best practices.