The Woman Victim in a Country in Crisis: A Reading of Tagwira's The Uncertainty of Hope

The article is based on my reading of Valerie Tagwira’s The Uncertainty of Hope as a feminist text that portrays female victimhood in the context of a failing postcolonial state. Tagwira writes about the experiences of a woman against the background of Murambatsvina, officially termed ‘‘Operation Clean Up.’’ The Zimbabwean Operation Clean Up of 2005 was condemned worldwide; and in her novel, Tagwira gives an often-ignored dimension of a woman’s experience of it, in the general context of a country facing serious political, economic and social challenges. For Tagwira, the challenges faced by Onai, as well as those around her, do not have links to their racial identities. Thus, Tagwira redefines the enemyvictim trope of the Third Chimurenga by subverting the state’s interpretation of the struggle discourse of the Third Chimurenga. In the state’s discourse, the victim trope is racial, the state enemy is the former colonial master (in support of the opposition political party) and the victim is the previously colonised black. In my analysis, I have used Susan Wendell’s theory on oppression and victimisation as contained in her article Oppression and Victimization: Choice and Responsibility (1990).     

美国的商业银行管制给我们的启示

商业银行的改革方向该往何处去,对商业银行如何监管,这是摆在金融改革面前最严峻的问题,未来的商业银行可能成为城市的银行、利益集团的银行、富人的银行。如果真的这样会在中国金融业推出许多新东西,这更需要国家进行更严格的适度的监管,美国的银行监管体制一直在不断地改革和调整,他们的经验对我们仍然是很好的启示。     

治安检查若干问题探析

治安检查是公安机关维护社会秩序的重要手段,但其属性、设定、执行主体的职权、适用程序、监督救济等问题不明晰。治安检查是一般性行政强制措施,只能由法律法规和规章进行设定,执行主体的职责权限要界定,实施时应遵循一定程序,同时也必须加强执法监督,并为其提供相应的法律救济途径。     

充分发挥检察职能依法治理商业贿赂

商业贿赂犯罪可以界定为发生在商业活动领域的贿赂犯罪.商业贿赂犯罪有重点的发案领域,并且同国家公务员利用行政审批权、执法权和司法权索取、收受贿赂紧密相关.检察机关在治理商业贿赂专项工作中主要承担查办商业贿赂案件、审查批捕和审查起诉、加强诉讼监督以及结合查办商业贿赂案件,协助有关行业或者系统、领域建立防治商业贿赂长效机制.完善立法以及法律政策界限的厘清,将是深入开展治理商业贿赂专项工作的有效途径和保障.     

守法成本及其控制

守法是法律实施的首要环节,守法程度对国家立法与法律实施有着重要的说明意义.守法行为中的成本支出决定着组织和个人在是否守法问题上的行为选择.从成本支出的视角看,如果把守法看作一项法律义务和法律行为,根据权利义务平等的原则,其中存在着相应的国家义务.立法和相关的制度设计、乃至组织执法过程中,应当充分关注守法与守法成本之间的"反比例关系",通过降低守法成本促进我国的法制建设,推动法治进程.     

对唐山市动态环境下实施治安防控的调查与思考

河北省警察学会和唐山市警察学会联合调研组在调查研究、总结经验教训的基础上,探讨了动态环境下加强社会治安防控的新举措。     

通过诉讼的政府控制

没有控制的权力必然导致腐败.政府权力应受到控制已成为世界各法治国家所遵从的一条公理.政府权力的无限扩张性、执政理念转变的必然性使人们开始意识到有限制政府权力之必要.实现法治国家首先要求对政府权力有所控制,通过诉讼(行政诉讼和宪法诉讼)对政府进行控制不失为一条有效的途径.针对当前国际国内形势,首先要弱化权力崇拜、强化行政服务,其次要完善行政诉讼法、加强对政府的监督,而宪法的权威性和至上性决定了通过宪法诉讼是控制政府权力的首要选择.我国在完善行政诉讼的同时亟须建立适合我国国情的宪法诉讼制度.     

韧性视角下现代城市整体性风险防控问题研究

现代城市因人口聚居、建筑密集、活动复杂而日益成为风险中心,呈现出复合性、联动性、叠加性、扩散性、隐蔽性增大等整体性风险。本文基于韧性视角,引入"韧性城市"概念,剖析了现代城市整体性风险防控实践的六大盲点和弊端,并分别从空间、时间和层级三个维度提出了韧性城市风险治理的范式,梳理出"都市群-城镇带-生活圈"防范风险扩散、"灾前预警-灾中应急-灾后恢复"阻遏风险延递、"宏观搭台-中观定标-微观落地"化解风险叠加的具体策略。     

海洋话语与国际秩序转变

国际关系的演进表明,海洋话语转变是国际秩序转变的重要风向标。文章对海洋话语进行了概念分析,并将其细分成海洋硬话语与海洋软话语,明确其包涵因素和互动关系。战争、谈判、国际会议、条约及协定等是国家争取战略主导权、在国际权力格局中占据优势的重要手段,可作为海洋话语与国际秩序之间的互动机理。海洋话语与国际秩序转变主要经历了欧洲主导时期和美国主导时期,且美国主导时期延续至今。在“百年未有之大变局”时代,海洋世界多极化趋势显著,海陆联动明显,“泛海洋时代”到来;海洋话语的话语主体、结构设计、海缘范畴及议题领域等均在经历多维嬗变,国际海洋新秩序建构的可能性和必要性在不断提升。中国需把握好角色定位与策略选择,优化中国海洋战略,树立新海洋安全观,踏实构建海洋话语,在国际海洋新秩序的构建中发挥积极引领作用。     

Examining Temporal Associations Between School Connectedness and Early Adolescent Adjustment

This study examined (a) the associations between school connectedness and early adolescent adjustment problems over a 1 year period and (b) the equivalence of these associations across gender. Five hundred middle school students (53.4% female), initially in the 6th and 7th grades, participated in the two-wave study. Results from two-group cross-lagged panel analyses were consistent across boys’ and girls’ data. After controlling for baseline levels of adjustment problems, school connectedness predicted lower levels of early adolescent conduct problems 1 year later. Regarding the opposite direction of associations, and even after baseline levels of school connectedness were taken into account, conduct problems predicted lower levels of subsequent school connectedness. There were no cross-lagged associations between depressive symptoms and school connectedness, although elevated levels of baseline depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of subsequent conduct problems. Findings elaborate previous research by demonstrating that early adolescents actively shape the middle school environment.