Comparison of modern techniques for saliva screening

Saliva stains present a unique challenge in the forensic setting, often challenging the analyst to weigh the value of presumptive indication of the fluid versus the potential for DNA analysis to yield identification information. There are many situations in which determining the presence of a body fluid is probative and further corroborates DNA evidence. That said, even a minute portion of sample consumed by a screening test could mean the difference between a full, partial, or null profile obtained through DNA analysis. The basis of presumptive testing or screening of saliva has historically been based on the presence of amylase, a component found in relatively high concentrations in human saliva versus other body fluids and substances. Though the current available methods for the screening of saliva in a forensic application have grown in number, the popularity of these methods seemingly has not. This study attempts to identify a specific and sensitive saliva screening test by comparing three modern techniques--the recently released SALIgAE, Phadebas, and starch-iodine mini-centrifuge test--on the basis of sensitivity, specificity, mixtures, and simulated casework samples while also considering sample consumption. The Phadebas method for presumptive saliva testing detected dilutions of neat saliva down to 1:200 versus considerably less sensitive results with SALIgAE and the starch-iodine mini-centrifuge test. Utilizing a screening test with a high degree of sensitivity, such as Phadebas, allows an analyst to gain a maximum amount of information in the form of body fluid indication and DNA results because of the consumption of a small portion of sample.     

美国反垄断法中界定“相关市场”的临界损失分析法

美国早期用来界定"相关市场"的方法没有限定市场弹性幅度,这个缺陷直到"假定的垄断者测试"产生后才得到弥补。1986年,美国改进了"假定的垄断者测试"操作方法,提出了临界损失分析法。虽然人们对临界损失分析法还存在不少争议,但它在美国和欧盟得到了越来越广泛的应用,相关判例得到了极大的丰富。     

Blinking Subjects; Blinking Justice? – Law,Medicine and the PVS Patient

This paper argues that in medical discourse, there is insufficient unanimity of opinion with regards to the time at which an accurate diagnosis of PVS can be made and that clearly, there is an incomplete medical knowledge of the PVS condition. The judiciary chooses neither to question medical opinion that patients can be considered to be in PVS despite a failure to satisfy the diagnostic criteria, nor medical opinion that patients in `near PVS' will never recover. It is apparent from an examination of the judgements given in PVS cases that the law does not ascribe such individuals with full human status. Such a legal position is particularly problematic in ethical terms when applied in cases involving patients who are in a `near PVS' position, and in the light of evidence that some PVS diagnoses are inaccurate. The application of the best interests test in PVS cases results in the adoption of a paternalistic, objective approach that fails to respect the former competent individuals whom PVS patients once were. If, alternatively, the substituted judgement test were to be adopted, the principle of individual autonomy would become central to the question of whether PVS patients' treatment should be withdrawn. Furthermore, the application of this test would also ensure that PVS patients continue to be viewed as `persons'.     

健卫－8小口径运动步枪弹痕研究

健卫— 8小口径运动步枪属于小口径标准步枪 ,其枪弹为步枪长弹 ,在现场上时有出现。通过实验表明 ,该种步枪可致弹壳遗留较为清晰的痕迹主要有击针痕、拉壳钩痕、抛壳挺痕、弹底窝痕和枪机下表面痕 ,这些痕迹出现率也相对较高 ,为侦察检验鉴定提供了依据。     

论中英两国刑事证人证言可采性标准及检测方法

证人证言在刑事诉讼中的运用一直是各国主要关注的问题 ,而证言运用的核心又在于证言的可采性问题。本文从比较研究的角度 ,对中英两国刑事证人证言可采性标准及检测方法作了具体分析 ,认为中英两国刑事证明标准的不同 ,决定了两国证人证言可采性标准的差异 ,从而导致检测这一标准的方法也各异 ,并认为英国现行的刑事证明标准及由此决定的证言可采性标准有可资借鉴之处     

通督调神针法对轻度认知障碍患者注意网络功能的影响

目的 探讨通督调神针法对轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）患者注意网络功能的影响。方法 将60例MCI患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例。对照组接受常规针刺治疗,治疗组接受通督调神针刺疗法,疗程均为8周。治疗前后分别进行注意网络功能检查。结果 两组患者治疗后警觉效率和正确率均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,两组治疗后执行控制效率和总反应时均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,治疗组警觉效率、执行控制效率、总反应时和正确率的治疗前后差值均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 通督调神针法可一定程度恢复MCI患者的认知功能,其疗效优于常规针刺疗法。     

抗人血红蛋白胶体金检测试剂条的研制

目的制备法医学检验所用的确定人血的免疫胶体金层析试剂条。方法选取抗人血红蛋白单克隆细胞株,制备其小鼠腹水,从腹水中纯化出单克隆抗体。制备胶体金并用一纯化的单克隆抗体包被,制成免疫胶体金。取玻璃纤维以免疫胶体金浸泡,烘干。在一硝酸纤维素膜上两个不同位置分别点加另一抗人血红蛋白抗体和羊抗鼠IgG。搭建试剂条并检测其灵敏度和特异性。结果制成的免疫胶体金试剂条可对稀释至20万倍的人血红蛋白溶液显示阳性,对法医学检验常见8种动物的血溶液显示阴性。结论所制备抗人血红蛋白胶体金试剂条可以应用于法医学检验。     

东北亚国家贸易引力模型实证检验及潜力分析

近些年,东北亚国家的贸易问题,一直受到许多学者的关注。通过采用贸易引力模型从实证角度分析验证:决定东北亚各国2003年双边贸易状况的主要因素是:贸易伙伴的经济规模(GDP)、空间距离、人口和制度安排。根据东北亚各国之间应有贸易额的估计,中国对韩俄,日本对俄,韩国对日俄,蒙古对韩的出口潜力巨大。当务之急是扩大中、日、韩三国的经济合作。     

鸽源禽毛滴虫的体外药敏试验

利用体外培养的禽毛滴虫对8种市面上常用药物进行了体外抗禽毛滴虫药敏试验。在发育繁殖稳定的禽毛滴虫的培养管中,分别加入不同种类及其不同浓度的受试药物,37℃作用2和6 h后,计算各管活虫数;并与不加药物的培养管中的活虫数比较,计算活虫率,以此为指标评价不同药物的杀虫效果。结果表明,二甲硝唑、替硝唑具有显著的杀毛滴虫作用,制霉菌素、环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲唑仅有部分抑制作用而不能将滴虫完全杀灭,泰乐菌素、复方甘草、盐酸小檗碱杀虫作用不明显。试验结果为临床选用抗禽毛滴虫药物提供了依据。     

燃气加气站地下储罐的置换和试压方法的探讨

介绍了汽车用燃气加气站地下储罐的置换和试压方法 ,对地下储罐系统试压方法的经济性进行了分析