保护消费者权益刑事立法的特征与评判

消费者权益保护的刑事法制在发展方向上应当作以下努力 :在犯罪与一般违法的区别上应重行为性质而轻行为程度 ;在我国立法定量的模式之下 ,对于生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪的成罪之量的规定模式 ,应选择司法裁量式的综合指标模式 ;改变以发生领域划分本类罪与其他犯罪界限的做法 ;在法定刑的方面 ,改变其作为重罪的要求 ,转向适当的刑罚。     

计算机技术在文检工作中的应用

科学技术的迅速发展和计算机技术的广泛应用 ,使计算机技术在文检工作中的建立和应用成为必然 ,目前计算机技术在文检工作中主要应用于 :1 实现检材及样本的自动扫描及存储 ,制成电子比对表 ;2 进行比对检验 ;3 利用图像处理软件进行图像处理 ;4 对案件进行分类管理 ;5 实现人像自动检索 ;6 信息资料的查阅与管理     

罪犯改造质量评估模式研究

罪犯改造质量是指罪犯经过一定时间的改造达到的守法公民的程度。从矫正技术的角度认识罪犯改造质量评估,对改革监狱工作具有重要的意义。在现代社会条件下,监狱不仅是专政的机关,更重要的是刑罚执行机关。对罪犯的改造状况进行科学的评估,必须走出监狱机关“泛政治化”的窠臼,必须摆脱传统的评价罪犯改造质量的经验型、主观性和理想化的模式。从矫正技术的视角来研究罪犯改造质量评估,关键是把评估数量化,最大限度地减少人们主观的干扰。目前的问题是要改革监狱工作的体制、机制,提高监狱人民警察的职业化程度。     

Current state and progress of research on forensic biomechanics in China

Forensic biomechanics gradually has become a significant component of forensic science. Forensic biomechanics is evidence-based science that applies biomechanical principles and methods to forensic practice, which has constituted one of the most potential research areas. In this review, we introduce how finite element techniques can be used to simulate forensic cases, how injury criteria and injury scales can be used to describe injury severity, and how tests of postmortem human subjects and dummy can be used to provide essential validation data. This review also describes research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.

Key points

• The review shows the main research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.
• The review introduces eight cases about the application of forensic biomechanics, including the multiple rigid body reconstruction, the finite element applications, study of mechanical properties, traffic crash reconstruction based on multiple techniques and analysis of morphomechanical mechanism about blood dispersal.
• Though forensic biomechanics has a great advantage for the evaluation of injury mechanisms, it still has some uncertainties owing to the uniqueness of the human anatomy, the complexity of biological materials, and the uncertainty of injury-causing circumstances.

     

溺死相关浮游生物基因座的复合扩增体系

目的构建溺死相关浮游生物基因座的复合扩增体系,验证体系特异性并评估其在法医溺死诊断中的应用价值。方法针对溺死相关浮游生物同源基因序列,设计特异性引物,并用FAM、HEX、TAMRA、ROX、SIZ荧光染料分组标记,构建复合扩增体系;进行体系特异性验证;以16例实验猪样本评估体系检验效能;复合扩增体系、硅藻形态学MD-VF-Auto SEM检测法及硅藻rbc L基因PCR-CE检测法分别检测28例案件样本,比较分析应用效果。结果该复合扩增体系共包含14个基因座,可特异性扩增35种浮游藻类和3种浮游细菌,人、3种人体共生菌及8种浮游细菌均为阴性。以该体系检测溺死实验猪,阳性率为90%,非溺死实验猪均未检出;检测溺死案件样本,阳性率为96%,非溺死案件均未检出。复合扩增体系与MD-VF-Auto SEM法检测案件尸体肺、肝和肾的阳性率均不具有统计学差异(P>0.05),但其与硅藻rbcL基因PCR-CE法检测案件肝和肾的阳性率均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论本文针对多种溺死相关浮游生物14个基因建立的复合扩增体系,具备多种靶物种的特异性遗传标记,且所需检材量小,提高了检测效能,在法医溺死鉴定中具有良好的应用前景。     

在“少量字”书证字迹检验中应注意的问题

随着犯罪的不断升级,嫌疑人利用文字作案的手段越来越狡猾,书证为＂少量字＂的案件日趋增多。这类案件书证特征很难掌握,检验难度较大,往往不易澄清。但是由于每个人的书写习惯或多或少存在稳定性,在书写过程中固有的特点就能够反映出来。     

A field experiment on ethnic discrimination among local Swedish public officials

This study presents an innovative field experiment exploring ethnic discrimination in contacts between local public officials and members of Swedish society. Using a correspondence study design, fictitious individuals with Arabic- and Swedish-sounding names contacted Swedish municipalities via email, asking questions about access to preschools. The findings indicate disadvantageous treatment of individuals with Arabic-sounding names in terms of the informal tone of the replies, as Swedish-sounding names were replied to in a friendlier, more welcoming way. Regarding the more formal aspects of the emails – i.e., whether they were replied to at all and the questions posed were directly answered – no statistically significant signs of discrimination emerge (although differences were of some substantial size, to the disadvantage of Arabic-sounding names). Still, informal disadvantageous treatment is sufficient cause for concern and noteworthy in the case of Sweden, considering its reputation as being egalitarian, immigration friendly and democratically well functioning.     

布氏锥虫伊氏亚种体外药敏试验

应用布氏锥虫伊氏亚种(Trypanosoma brucei evansi,T.b.e)体外药敏试验系统检查了国内6个T.b.e虫株和国外布氏锥虫指名亚种(T.b.b)对苏拉灭(Suramin)、贝尼尔(Berenil)、安锥赛(Antrycide)、咪唑苯脲(Imidocard)和硫胂聚氰胺(Cymelarsan)等5种抗锥虫药的敏感性。结果表明,该系统能准确测定不同虫株对各种药物的敏感性,与小鼠治疗试验结果基本相符,发现了国内抗贝尼尔和苏拉灭的T.b.e虫株。     

创新视角下的苏南模式

苏南模式是政府主导不断进行制度创新的经济发展模式。当前的苏南模式是以吸引外资为导向的工业化道路,FDI对GDP有强烈的推动作用,但在没有考虑本土创新能力前提对FDI的作用是否会高估,FDI对于创新主体——本地企业又会产生什么样的影响。本文通过面板数据模型给出了实证研究。     

基于浏览器/服务器结构的《计算机应用》网络无纸化考试和管理系统

基于浏览器 /服务器结构的《计算机应用》网络无纸化考试和管理系统是运用先进的管理思想和方法 ,进行规模考试的考试系统。该系统采用在线考试模式的设计思想 ,具有易于维修和运行稳定可靠的特点 ,实现了考试管理的创新