The spaces of intervention for Mali and Guinea-Bissau

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on interventions by the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States in Guinea-Bissau and Mali. In the literature, these are often approached in a ‘top-down’ manner, focusing on formal institutions, not accounting for the complex dynamics in and around conflict intervention. This article argues that adopting space as an analytical lens allows new ways to address these issues. It highlights how interventions by different actors and their interactions are influenced by spatial perceptions and framings, which result in the making of different ‘spaces of intervention’ through different practices. The two described here, ‘scaling’ and ‘establishing reach’, enable strategic and continuous formation and negotiation of spaces for action, according to actors’ needs and interests. Thus, shedding light on specific actors and their practices, the article contributes to a better understanding of the complex dynamics in conflict intervention in West Africa.     

Responsibility to Protect: Russia’s Approaches

Abstract

Russia’s predominantly suspicious and even negative attitudes toward R2P are closely related to its traditional attachment to the notion of sovereignty, but its reluctance to ‘bless’ the use of force with R2P also serves as a pretext to cover various instrumental goals. Russia’s more assertive foreign policy has exacerbated this trend. Disagreements stem from differences between Russia and the West both in their conceptual approaches to security and in their assessments of specific cases. In particular, Russia has an existential concern over possible application of R2P by extra-regional actors in its immediate post-Soviet vicinity. However, in the conflicts around South Ossetia (2008) and Crimea / Southeastern Ukraine (2014-), there was a noticeable trend to refocus R2P-related arguments in support of Russia’s own actions. By and large, R2P continues to be perceived as a Western attempt to establish certain rules of behaviour which require caution and prudence. Nevertheless, more positive attitudes do not seem impossible. To play a prominent role in the evolving international system, Russia will have to make the R2P segment of its foreign policy more salient and overcome the lag in promoting this concept as a working tool indispensable for cooperative and responsible leadership.     

European Law Beyond ‘Ever Closer Union’ Repositioning the Concept,its Thrust and the ECJ's Comparative Methodology

The article investigates competing understandings of European law. It supports, against the prevailing EU‐centred understanding, an ecumenical concept that embraces EU law, supplementing international instruments, the European Convention on Human Rights and, importantly, various domestic laws enacting or responding to such transnational law, as well as European comparative law. To keep the concept in sync with European politics, it posits a new idea that binds the parts together: to provide for a European legal space rather than further European integration (the ever closer union). This idea can also serve as European law's functional equivalent to forming one legal order. European law thus conceived grasps the puzzling complex of interdependent legal orders, sets a common frame for corresponding reconstructions (European composite constructions, legal pluralism, network theories, federalism or intergovernmentalism) and allows forces with diverging outlooks to meet in one legal field, on one more neutral disciplinary platform. Within this framework, European comparative law finds a new mission as well as a sound legal basis.     

网络空间隐私权保护探析

网络技术的迅猛发展给隐私权的保护带来了极大的冲击,与传统的隐私权相比,网络空间隐私权具有新的特点并且其侵权形式更加多样化,为此,对网络空间隐私权的含义和内容需要加以明确界定.世界各国目前对网络空间隐私权的保护主要有两种模式,一种是以美国为代表的行业自律模式,一种是以欧盟为代表的立法规制模式,两种模式,各有所长,值得借鉴.我国对网络空间隐私权保护基础薄弱,应借鉴发达国家立法,制定适合我国国情的网络空间隐私权的法律法规.     

Vietnamese ethnicity networks maintenance process in the urban context Case study in Tainan Park,Taiwan

In Taiwan, the initiated policy for receiving foreign workers from the early 1990s has created prerequisite for workers and migrants from the Southeast Asian countries to access Taiwan labour market, including a great quantity of migrants from Vietnam. The appearance of new wave of immigrants over the past decade has created new ethnoscapes in Taiwan society. This paper considers the formation and characteristics of Vietnam ethnoscape in the urban context. The author adopts Tainan Park as public space--an ethnoscape with big concentration of Vietnamese in Tainan city for analysis. Based on geographical advantage factors and traffic convenience, Tainan Park became an important sociospatial pattern of Vietnam immigrants gathering. The paper then analyzes the locations and roles of immigrant gathering places as sites of ethnicity networks maintenance. The author studies the way to maintain directly opposite relationships in Tainan Park context. This park is an important space pattern for Vietnamese ethnicity networks maintenance.     

寻找重建公共空间的路径——齐格蒙特·鲍曼的“个体到公民的回归”视角

在全球化时代,随着资本的迅速流动和扩张,消费主义横行,权力与政治分离,个体的政治冷漠导致逐渐丧失公民的资格,呈现单子化的生存状态,私人忧虑难以转化为公共问题,原来的公共空间被私人问题殖民化。鲍曼怀着对社会发展和人类命运的深切关怀之心,从经济、道德、政治等多个视角努力探索个体回归公民与重建公共空间的路径。     

推进长吉图开发开放先导区建设的政策建议——基于地区间产业关联研究的结论

推进长吉图开发开放先导区的建设对于培育吉林省新的增长极、提高东北地区开发开放水平意义重大。利用地区间/多区域投入产出模型,对东北地区和东北亚区域产业关联进行实证分析,发现东北地区在国际产业关联、区际产业关联、省际产业关联等三个方面的程度和效能都比较低,导致产业发展和产业结构调整严重受限。今后,吉林省需要积极培育和发展主导产业(群)、通过合理配套相关产业政策、加强基础设施建设,重点发挥长吉图开发开放先导区在东北地区"飞铃"型产业关联的中枢作用,带动东北地区全面发展。     

论联合国大陆架界限委员会在外大陆架划界中的作用——兼谈中国及周边国家的外大陆架申请

《海洋法公约》关于外大陆架申请期限的规定,导致大批国家近期向联合国大陆架界限委员会提出了申请。大陆架界限委员会的主要职能是在审议沿海国提交的划界案的基础上,就有关划定外大陆架外部界限的事项向沿海国提出建议。大陆架划界委员会所做出的建议既非一个司法式的判决,又非一个纯粹的参考意见。沿海国基于委员会的建议而划定的外大陆架外部界限具有"确定性和拘束力"。在当前的情势下,中国在掌握充分的科学技术数据编写好我们自己的外大陆架划界申请案的同时,还应注意妥善处理与日本、菲律宾、越南等周边一些国家之间的相关争端,以更好地维护我国的主权和国家利益。     

Tussle for space: The politics of mock-compliance with global financial standards in developing countries

As efforts to harmonize policies globally intensify, developing countries increasingly face pressures to adopt international standards. Yet, we know little about the circumstances under which developing countries manage to circumvent such pressures, or about their strategies to maintain policy space. We explore under which conditions developing countries are willing and able to sustain mock-compliance, a situation where countries comply on paper but not in practice. Using country comparisons of Angola's, Nigeria's, Tanzania's, and Vietnam's engagement with the Basel banking standards, we show how three factors combine to produce sustained mock-compliance: high costs of outright non-compliance due to outward-orientated banking sectors; high political costs of substantive compliance; and state control over profitable markets. Our article contributes to theory-building in the literature on compliance and structural power as well as to broader debates about developing countries' policy autonomy in their engagement with global financial norms.     

论平面广告版面中的三维空间构成

在平面广告中,版面设计最终目的是：使版面产生清晰的条理性,用悦目的组织来突出主题,达成最佳的诉求效果。我们可以通过对版面的三维空间层次的把握和运用来达到这个目的。本文借助版面设计中的比例关系的空间层次、位置关系的空间层次、黑白灰关系的空间层次、动静关系、图像肌理关系产生的空间层次,论述了如何营造平面广告版面设计中的三维空间构成的方法与技巧。